Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Potential of Soot Particles of Low-Emission Diesel Engines

Su, Dang Sheng; Serafino, Annalucia; Müller, Jens-Oliver; Jentoft, Rolf E.; Schlögl, Robert; Fiorito, Silvana

doi:10.1021/es0716554

Cited by 87 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to Su et al, 38 the size of the soot particles emitted from modern Euro IV engines is significantly smaller than those emitted from older engines. Su et al 38 also showed that the soot emitted from new-technology engines have increased cytotoxic effects. In this study, the authors have shown that the open channel filters collect nanosized particles with high collection efficiency: the collection efficiency for particles smaller than 20 nm was over 80%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine

Heikkilä

Rönkkö

Lähde

et al. 2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Particle emissions of modern diesel engines are of a particular interest because of their negative health effects. The special interest is in nanosized solid particles. The effect of an open channel filter on particle emissions of a modern heavy-duty diesel engine (MAN D2066 LF31, model year 2006) was studied. Here, the authors show that the open channel filter made from metal screen efficiently reduced the number of the smallest particles and, notably, the number and mass concentration of soot particles. The filter used in this study reached 78% particle mass reduction over the European Steady Cycle. Considering the size-segregated number concentration reduction, the collection efficiency was over 95% for particles smaller than 10 nm. The diffusion is the dominant collection mechanism in small particle sizes, thus the collection efficiency decreased as particle size increased, attaining 50% at 100 nm. The overall particle number reduction was 66 -99%, and for accumulation-mode particles the number concentration reduction was 62-69%, both depending on the engine load.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine

Heikkilä

Rönkkö

Lähde

et al. 2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Harder et al (2005) reported the effect of BC on heart-rate increase but no inflammatory effects, while Cho et al (2005) observed a correlation between ambient soot carbon and PM oxidative potential. Su et al (2008) suggested that soot carbon toxicity depends on soot particle morphology, while the WHO report (2012) concluded that BC particles may not be the harmful component of PM but may act as carrier of a large variety of toxic species, such as organic molecules, which are co-emitted with soot carbon. A simultaneous investigation of soot particle morphology and toxicity is very limited Su et al, 2008) and was performed only with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which does not give information on soot-carbonorganic-carbon mixing or information on OC composition.…”

Section: Particulate Matter and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500-2000 papers per year in the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate matter constitutes one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and for climate change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results within the atmospheric aerosol sciences and the policy needs, which have driven much of the increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the last 2 decades.The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science underpinning climate-aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health and the environment. However, while airborne particulate matter is responsible for globally important influences on premature human mortality, we still do not know the relative importance of the different chemical components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 • C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects of PM is currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in the knowledge of aerosol science; among the shortcomings, the roles of PM in global climate and the relative roles of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 8218S. Fuzzi et al.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate different PM precursor sources and their response to climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are prominent. In any case, the evidence from this paper strongly advocates for an integrated approach to air quality and climate policies.

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“…Particle toxic potential has been associated with serious adverse health effects, including respiratory symptoms impaired lung function and cardiovascular diseases (Geller et al, 2006;Bernstein et al, 2004). It is found that newer diesel engines emit nanoparticles that could be more harmful to human health than older engines because particles with diameters of 5-20 nm may penetrate the lung more deeply (Su et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…InfraRed studies show a high concentration of hydroxyl functional groups on Euro IV soot compared to soot emitted by older engines (Su et al, 2008), and hence an increased hydrophilicity which facilitates interactions with hydrophilic biomolecules (Popovicheva et al, 2009a). Based on inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to in vitro and in vivo particle exposures, the hazardous substances are found on particles emitted by various vehicles but risks associated to chemical forms of these emissions are remaining uncertain (Maier et al, 2008;Muller et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Diesel and Biodiesel Particle Exhaust

Popovicheva

Kireeva

Steiner

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The complexity and large variability of transport-emitted aerosols leads to necessity of comprehensive characterization of their physico-chemical and toxicological properties, remaining great uncertainties in health effect assessments. Particles produced by combustion of fossil diesel (B0), 20% rapeseed methyl ester in fossil diesel (B20), and pure rapeseed methyl ester (B100) were sampled from exhaust of an Opel Astra diesel engine using sulfated ash, phosphorous and sulfur (SAPS) lube oil with low and high ash content. Microscopic and chemical characterization is performed to quantify the common and specific properties of diesel/biodiesel exhausts. Hydrophobic saturated aliphatic dominate diesel particle chemistry. Oxygen and nitrogen-containing functionalities are specific for more hydrophilic biodiesel particles. A full range of chemical species for individual particles is grouped by clustering technique combined with water-soluble ion measurements. Analysis of group abundance shows carbonaceous particles (soot externally mixed with inorganic salts) and inorganic fly ash (metal oxides) in a structure of exhaust, in correlation with inorganic contaminations in fuel and lube oil. Quantification of particle types in terms of physicochemical relevance supports the identification of groups which may act as biomicromarkers discriminating between diesel and biofuel exhaust and micromarkers of using high ash lube oil, thus providing a basis for correlative toxicological assessment of diesel/biofuel engine emissions.

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Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Potential of Soot Particles of Low-Emission Diesel Engines

Cited by 87 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine

Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Diesel and Biodiesel Particle Exhaust

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