Cytotoxic Metabolites Produced by <i>Alternaria</i> No.28, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>

Qin, Jianchun; Zhang, Yamei; Hu, Ling; Ma, Yue; Gao, Jin‐Ming

doi:10.1177/1934578x0900401106

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although, both of these organisms are fairly explored, they still have the potential to contribute to natural product research as novel bioactive molecules continue to pour in from several of their isolates (Qin et al . 2009; Xu et al 2010; Mohana et al 2012). However, it is important to use de-replication techniques to select diverse strains for natural product isolation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from selected plants of the Western Himalayas

et al. 2013

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This study was conducted to characterize and explore the endophytic fungi of selected plants from the Western Himalayas for their bioactive potential. A total of 72 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as on the basis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal gene sequence acquisition and analyses. The fungi represented 27 genera of which two belonged to Basidiomycota, each representing a single isolate, while the rest of the isolates comprised of Ascomycetous fungi. Among the isolated strains, ten isolates could not be assigned to a genus as they displayed a maximum sequence similarity of 95% or less with taxonomically characterized organisms. Among the host plants, the conifers, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburgii and Abies pindrow harbored the most diverse fungi, belonging to 13 different genera, which represented almost half of the total genera isolated. Several extracts prepared from the fermented broth of these fungi demonstrated strong bioactivity against E. coli and S. aureus with the lowest IC50 of 18 μg/ml obtained with the extract of Trichophaea abundans inhabiting Pinus sp. In comparison, extracts from only three endophytes were significantly inhibitory to Candida albicans, an important fungal pathogen. Further, 24 endophytes inhibited three or more phytopathogens by at least 50% in co-culture, among a panel of seven test organisms. Extracts from 17 fungi possessed immuno-modulatory activities with five of them showing significant immune suppression as demonstrated by the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. This study is an important step towards tapping the endophytic fungal diversity from the Western Himalayas and assessing their bioactive potential. Further studies on the selected endophytes may lead to the isolation of novel natural products for use in medicine, industry and agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from selected plants of the Western Himalayas

et al. 2013

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“…; Qin et al . ), compounds 1–3 were elucidated as 3‐acetyl‐5‐ sec ‐butyltetramic acid (1, tenuazonic acid ), 3‐acetyl‐5‐ iso ‐butyltetramic acid (2, vivotoxin II ) and cyclo‐ (L‐leucyl‐L‐proline) (3), respectively (Fig. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vivotoxin II, an isomer of tenuazonic acid, is a cytotoxic metabolite of Alternaria cultures (Qin et al . ). Tenuazonic acid and vivotoxin II exhibit a similarly high level of potency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(Schlegel et al 2001) and has a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as antineoplastic, antiviral, antibiotic and cytotoxic effects (Suzuki et al 1967;Nishimura & Kohmoto 1983;Antony et al 1991). Vivotoxin II, an isomer of tenuazonic acid, is a cytotoxic metabolite of Alternaria cultures (Qin et al 2009). Tenuazonic acid and vivotoxin II exhibit a similarly high level of potency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MP: 74-76°C. NMR, 13 C NMR and ESI-MS data to the literature Qin et al 2009), compounds 1-3 were elucidated as 3-acetyl-5-sec-butyltetramic acid (1, tenuazonic acid), 3-acetyl-5-iso-butyltetramic acid (2, vivotoxin II) and cyclo-(L-leucyl-L-proline) (3), respectively (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Structural Elucidation Of the Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Allelopathy and the active metabolites of the endophytic fungus, Alternaria J46, from Platycladus orientalis

Hao

Yan

Wang

et al. 2015

Weed Biology and Management

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The endophytic fungus, Alternaria J46, was isolated from the stem of the medicinal plant, Platycladus orientalis. A suspension of Alternaria J46 mycelial segments and the culture filtrates of the fungi exhibited marked seed germination inhibition against the monocot wheat, large crabgrass, bromegrass, rice and barnyardgrass and weak inhibition against the dicot redroot pigweed and morning glory, but it was safe for use on soybean, rape, cucumber, tomato, lettuce and radish crops. It is possible to use J46 culture filtrates in order to prevent monocot weeds in dicot cropland. Three active metabolites were isolated from an extract of the fungus cultures and elucidated as 3-acetyl-5-sec-butyltetramic acid (1, tenuazonic acid), 3-acetyl-5-iso-butyltetramic acid (2, vivotoxin II) and cyclo-(L-leucyl-L-proline) (3). Among these three compounds, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant phytotoxic effects on the seed germination of large crabgrass, while compound 3 exhibited weak activity, and all were safe for lettuce at 100 μg mL −1 . Accordingly, compounds 1 and 2 were the main active metabolites that were responsible for endophytic fungus Alternaria J46's strong seed germination inhibition against monocotyledons.

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Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Alternaria Species

Saxena

2021

Endophytes

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Microbial secondary metabolites have contributed immensely in the development of a variety of medicines, namely antibiotics, metabolic inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, antioxidants and anticancer agents. Endophytism in the past decade has further opened avenues of exploration and exploitation of new chemical entities produced during the plant–microbe interaction for pharmaceutical as well as agricultural applications. Alternaria is a genus belonging to ascomycete and generally comprise of members which cause agricultural spoilage, involved in decay and decomposition and some exist as opportunistic human pathogens. The genus is a prolific producer of secondary metabolites, which are finding applications in the agrochemical as well as pharmaceutical industry. The present review is an update on specialized members of Alternaria genus existing as an endophyte and the new chemical entities produced by them possessing agrobiological and pharmacological properties.

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Cytotoxic Metabolites Produced by Alternaria No.28, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Ginkgo biloba

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from selected plants of the Western Himalayas

Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from selected plants of the Western Himalayas

Allelopathy and the active metabolites of the endophytic fungus, Alternaria J46, from Platycladus orientalis

Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Alternaria Species

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