Cytokines in clinical cancer immunotherapy

Berraondo, Pedro; Sanmamed, Miguel F.; Ochoa, María C.; Etxeberría, Iñaki; Aznar, M. Ángela; Pérez-Gracia, José Luis; Rodríguez-Ruiz, María E.; Ponz-Sarvisé, Mariano; Castañón, Eduardo; Melero, Ignacio

doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0328-y

Cited by 864 publications

(672 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…In terms of the ability of the immune system to detect and eliminate malignant cancer cells, various cytokines have been investigated for potential prognosis markers and treatment options in cancers (Lee & Margolin, 2011; Nicholas & Lesinski, 2011). In this regard, it has been shown that several cytokines can restrict tumor growth by stimulating immune effector cells, direct antiproliferative or proapoptotic activity against tumors (Berraondo et al, 2019). It has been recognized that a number of cytokines including interleukins (IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐12, IL‐15, IL‐18, and IL‐21), growth factors (GM‐CSF), and interferons (IFN‐α) have efficacy in clinical studies for patients with advanced cancers (Waldmann, 2018).…”

Section: The Role Of Cytokines In Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines as potential combination agents with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade for cancer treatment

Mohammad

Ghahremanloo

Soltani

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Immunotherapy has caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of several malignancies, particularly the blockade of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and its specific receptor/ligand PD‐L1 that have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of malignancies, but significant durable responses only occur in a small percentage of patients, and other patients failed to respond to the treatment. Even those who initially respond can ultimately relapse despite maintenance treatment, there is considerable potential for synergistic combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors into conventional cancer treatments. The clinical experience in the use of cytokines in the clinical setting indicated the efficiency of cytokine therapy in cancer immunotherapy. Combinational approaches to enhancing PD‐L1/PD‐1 pathways blockade efficacy with several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐15, IL‐21, IL‐12, IL‐10, and interferon‐α (IFN‐α) may result in additional benefits. In this review, the current state of knowledge about PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors, the date in the literature to ascertain the combination of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibodies with cytokines is discussed. Finally, it is noteworthy that novel therapeutic approaches based on the efficient combination of recombinant cytokines with the PD‐L1/PD‐1 blockade therapy can enhance antitumor immune responses against various malignancies.

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Section: The Role Of Cytokines In Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines as potential combination agents with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade for cancer treatment

Mohammad

Ghahremanloo

Soltani

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…The addition of cancer vaccines (with either peptide vaccines or with primed dendritic cell vaccines) or the additional of radiation therapy to increase neoantigen formation and recognition may augment T cell responses and tumor recognition [35,[239][240][241][242] . Similarly, adding cytokines that stimulate the immune system such as IFN-a, IL-2, IL-12, IL-10 and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to the treatment regimen or at high concentrations directly into the tumor microenvironment may also alter immune responses [243] .…”

Section: Novel Therapies To Bypass Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance mechanisms in melanoma to immuneoncologic therapy with checkpoint inhibitors

Fenton¹,

Sosman²,

Chandra³

2019

CDR

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Checkpoint inhibitors act by blocking physiologic mechanisms coopted by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance, restoring the immune system's ability to identify and kill malignant cells. These therapies have dramatically improved outcomes in multiple tumor types with durable responses in many patients, leading to FDA approval first in advanced melanoma, then in many other malignancies. However, as experience with checkpoint inhibitors has grown, populations of patients who are primary nonresponders or develop secondary resistance have been the majority of cases, even in melanoma. Mechanisms of resistance include those inherent to the tumor microenvironment, the tumor cells themselves, and the function of the patient's native immune cells. This review will discuss resistance to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma as well as possible methods to restore sensitivity.

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“…Immunostimulatory recombinant cytokines promote lymphocyte activation via control of transcriptional and metabolic programmes [35]. An example is recombinant IL-2 (aldesleukin, Proleukin ® ) that has been used to treat renal cancer and melanoma [36].…”

Section: Recombinant Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Vaccines

Henriquez¹,

Arkenau²,

Dutoit³

et al. 2019

Cancer Immunotherapy and Biological Cancer Treatments

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Recent advances in immuno-oncology have allowed for the design of more specific and efficient cancer vaccine approaches. There has been an improvement in molecular biology techniques, as well as a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the activation and regulation of T cells and the interplay between the components of the immune system and the escape mechanisms used by cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment. As a result, many interesting developments in therapeutic cancer vaccines are ongoing, with influence on survival still to be proven. The spectrum of tumour antigens that are recognised by T cells is still largely unchartered and, most importantly, dynamically evolving over time, driven by clonal evolution and treatment-driven selection. Vaccine approaches currently in development and tested in clinical studies are based on tumour antigens specifically identified for each tumour type, on tumour cells or dendritic cells, the latter having the potential to be modified to incorporate immunostimulatory genes. However, interplay between the immune system and the tumour and the inhibitory mechanisms developed by tumour cells to subvert immune responses are crucial issues that will need to be targeted in order for efficient therapeutic vaccines to emerge.

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Cytokines in clinical cancer immunotherapy

Cited by 864 publications

References 116 publications

Cytokines as potential combination agents with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade for cancer treatment

Cytokines as potential combination agents with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade for cancer treatment

Resistance mechanisms in melanoma to immuneoncologic therapy with checkpoint inhibitors

Cancer Vaccines

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