Cytokine profiles in highly active antiretroviral treatment non-adherent, adherent and naive HIV-1 infected patients in Western Kenya

Musa, F. Fuertes El; Shaviya, Nathan; Mambo, Fidelis; Abonyo, Collins; Barasa, Erick; Wafula, Philemon; Sowayi, George; Mustafa, Barasa; Were, Tom

doi:10.4314/ahs.v21i4.12

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IFNg as well as the inflammation-related cytokines IL-6 and IL-1b were lowly expressed among viral failure adolescents, while the expression of inflammatory cytokine CCL3 was higher among those experiencing virological failure. In fact the low level of IFNg observed in a context of sub-optimal virological response was similar to what have been observed in studies conducted in Brazil and Kenya where a low concentration of IFNg was observed in adolescents with a detectable viral load (31) and ART non-adherent people living HIV with active viral replication (32). Even though there was not significance association between TNFa and viral load, we have noticed a low level of this inflammation cytokine in adolescents with virological suppression, similarly to what observed in a USA children cohort where low levels of TNFa correlated with low levels of viral load (33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Inflammatory profile of vertically HIV-1 infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon: a contribution toward optimal pediatric HIV control strategies

Ka’e,

Nanfack,

Ambada

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the lifespan of people living with HIV. However, their immune system remains in a state of sustained activation/inflammation, which favors viral replication and depletion of helper T-cells with varying profiles according to ART-response. We herein sought to ascertain the inflammatory profile of adolescents living with perinatal HIV-1 infection (ALPHI) receiving ART in an African context. In this cross-sectional and comparative study among ART-experienced ALPHI in Yaoundé-Cameroon, HIV-1 RNA was measured by Abbott Real-time PCR; CD4 cells were enumerated using flow cytometry; serum cytokines were measured by ELISA; HIV-1 proviral DNA was genotyped by Sanger-sequencing; and archived drug resistance mutations (ADRMs) were interpreted using Stanford HIVdb.v9.0.1. Overall, 73 adolescents were enrolled (60 ALPHI and 13 HIV-1 negative peers) aged 15 (13-18) years; 60.00% were female. ART median duration was 92 (46-123) months; median viral load was 3.99 (3.17-4.66) RNA Log10 (copies)/mL and median CD4 count was 326 (201-654) cells/mm3. As compared to HIV-negative adolescents, TNFα was highly expressed among ALPHI (p<0.01). Following a virological response, inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and IL-12), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and inflammation-related cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) were highly expressed with viral suppression (VS) vs. virological failure (VF), while the chemokine CCL3 was highly expressed with VF (p<0.01). Regarding the immune response, the inflammatory cytokine TNFα was highly expressed in those that are immunocompetent (CD4≥500 cell/mm3) vs. immunocompromised (CD4<500 cell/mm3), p ≤ 0.01; while chemokine CCL2 was highly expressed in the immunocompromised (p<0.05). In the presence of ADRMs, IL-4 and CCL3 were highly expressed (p=0.027 and p=0.043 respectively). Among ART-experienced ALPHI in Cameroon, the TNFα cytokine was found to be an inflammatory marker of HIV infection; IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 are potential immunological markers of VS and targeting these cytokines in addition to antiretroviral drugs may improve management. Moreover, CCL3 and CCL2 are possible predictors of VF and/or being immunocompromised and could serve as surrogates of poor ART response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Inflammatory profile of vertically HIV-1 infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon: a contribution toward optimal pediatric HIV control strategies

Ka’e,

Nanfack,

Ambada

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Of note, we observed several analytes which had significant correlations with duration of known infection in the cART group, including CCL11 (R = 0.53, p = 0.0166), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (R = -0.46, p = 0.0403), IL-1α (R = -0.49, p = 0.0277), and IL-4 (R = -0.45, p = 0.0447). These findings are not entirely unexpected due to previous reports often showing pathologically lower levels of some cytokines in treated PWH compared to untreated PWH [22].…”

Section: Analyte Correlationssupporting

confidence: 81%

Multiplex analysis of cytokines and chemokines in persons aging with or without HIV

Kroll

Woolley

Terry

et al. 2023

Preprint

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People with HIV (PWH) on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) are living longer lives due to modern cART advances and increased routine medical care. The full landscape of aging with HIV is unclear; given that HIV emerged relatively recently in human history and initially had a high mortality rate, there has not been a substantially aged population to evaluate. In the present study, we set out to perform high throughput plasma analyte profiling by multiplex analysis, focusing on various T helper (Th)-related cytokines, chemokines, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The primary goals being to provide reference ranges of these analytes for aging PWH cohorts, as well as testing the utility of high throughput multiplex plasma assays. The cohort used in this study was comprised of age-matched healthy donors (aged 32.6-73.5), PWH on cART (aged 26.7-60.2), and viremic PWH (aged 27.5-59.4). The patients in each group were then stratified across the age span to examine age-related impacts of these plasma biomarkers. Our results largely indicate feasibility of plasma analyte monitoring by multiplex and demonstrate a high degree of person-to-person variability regardless of age and HIV status. Nonetheless, we find multiple associations with age, duration of known infection, and viral load, all of which appear to be driven by either prolonged HIV disease progression or long-term use of cART.

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“…The observed low level of plasma IFN-γ could be explained by ART that blocking viral replication which would inhibit the synthesis of mRNA responsible for the production of IFN-γ as reported in Kenya [12]. However, other authors have reported elevated IFN-γ levels in HIV-1 infected patients as reported in USA [51,52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…While some studies have established a negative correlation between CD4 + T cells, IL-2, IFN-γ lymphocytes and plasma viral load in PLHIV-1 on ART [11], other studies have shown that high plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were correlated with a high plasma viral load concomitant with low levels of CD4 + T cells [12]. Study have highlighted the effect of plasma viral load on the extent of cytokine disruption showing that when cytokines were less affected, plasma viral load remained lowered in PLHIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced in immunological monitoring of HIV infection: value of NK cells and pro- inflammatory cytokines in people living with HIV-1 in Benin

Assogba,

Adechina,

Tchiakpe

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Immune cells and cytokines have been linked to viremia dynamic and immune status during HIV infection. They may serve as useful biomarkers in the monitoring of people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1). The present work was aimed to assess whether cytokines and immune cell profiles may help in the therapeutic follow-up of PLHIV-1. Methods Forty PLHIV-1 in treatment success (PLHIV-1s) and fifty PLHIV-1 in treatment failure (PLHIV-1f) followed at the University Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava in Benin were enrolled. Twenty healthy persons were also recruited as control group. Circulating cytokines and immune cells were quantified respectively by ELISA and flow cytometry. Results PLHIV-1 exhibited low proportions of CD4 + T cells, NK, NKT, granulocytes, classical and non-classical monocytes, and high proportions of CD8 + T cells, particularly in the PLHIV-1f group, compared to control subjects. Eosinophils, neutrophils and B cell frequencies did not change between the study groups. Circulating IFN-γ decreased whereas IL-4 significantly increased in PLHIV-1s compared to PLHIV-1f and control subjects even though the HIV infection in PLHIV-1s downregulated the high Th1 phenotype observed in control subjects. However, Th1/Th2 ratio remained biased to a Th1 phenotype in PLHIV-1f, suggesting that high viral load may have maintained a potential pro-inflammatory status in these patients. Data on inflammatory cytokines showed that IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in PLHIV-1s and PLHIV-1f groups than in control subjects. Significant high levels of IL-5 and IL-7 were observed in PLHIV-1f compared to controls whereas PLHIV-1s presented only a high level of IL-5. No change was observed in IL-13 levels between the study groups. Conclusion Our study shows that, in addition to CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, NK and NKT cells along with IL-6, TNF-α, IL-5 and IL-7 cytokines could serve as valuable immunological biomarkers in the therapeutic monitoring of PLHIV-1 although a larger number of patients would be necessary to confirm these results.

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Cytokine profiles in highly active antiretroviral treatment non-adherent, adherent and naive HIV-1 infected patients in Western Kenya

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Inflammatory profile of vertically HIV-1 infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon: a contribution toward optimal pediatric HIV control strategies

Inflammatory profile of vertically HIV-1 infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon: a contribution toward optimal pediatric HIV control strategies

Multiplex analysis of cytokines and chemokines in persons aging with or without HIV

Advanced in immunological monitoring of HIV infection: value of NK cells and pro- inflammatory cytokines in people living with HIV-1 in Benin

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