Cytokine Gene Polymorphism in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Children

Abstract

The pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is not completely understood.

Prediction of susceptible biomarkers for end stage renal disease among North Indians

“…Cytokine genotypes have been studied in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation and certain polymorphisms have been implicated in the development of graft failure/survival . Presently, there are no laboratory assays proficient in predicting the incidence of acute/chronic rejection.…”

Pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of prednisone and prednisolone in patients with nephrotic syndrome

“…Previously genetic variations of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors have been shown to be associated with predisposition to atopy and/or elevated serum IgE levels [100]. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the role of polymorphisms in the genes coding for IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13 in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome [74][75][76][101][102][103]. The IL-4 polymorphism rs2243250 was associated with nephrotic syndrome and an increased risk of steroid resistance [74][75][76].…”

“…Several studies have been conducted to investigate the role of polymorphisms in the genes coding for IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13 in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome [74][75][76][101][102][103]. The IL-4 polymorphism rs2243250 was associated with nephrotic syndrome and an increased risk of steroid resistance [74][75][76]. Furthermore, previous research conducted by Jafar et al and Tripathi et al indicate that a genetic polymorphism in the IL-6 gene is associated with decreased responsiveness to steroids [75,76].…”

“…Elevation of TNF-α has been found in the plasma and urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome [108,109]. Conflicting results have been published for the role polymorphisms in the gene encoding for TNF-α in patients with nephrotic syndrome [75,76,110,111]. Lastly, Müller-Berghaus et al investigated the role of polymorphisms in gene encoding for pro-inflammatory mediator IL-12B and found an association of the IL12Bpro-1.1 genotype with a steroid-dependent course of disease [78].…”

Vitamin D3 Adjuvant Treatment Stimulate Interleukin-10 Expression in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome Without Affecting to Clinical Outcome and Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression

“…Some evidence showed association between INS (primary immunologic impairment) and imbalance of Th1 and Th2 subtype as immunoregulator [1,6,7]. In vitro study using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolated from INS patients showed increase level of various cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-1 IL-2, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, compared to control group or INS patients at remission state group.…”