Cytogenetics of Four Species of Genus &lt;i&gt;Berberis&lt;/i&gt; L. (Berberidaceae Juss.) from the Western Himalayas

Jeelani, Syed Mudassir; Kumar, Sanjeev; Rani, Savita; Kumari, Santosh; Gupta, Raghbir Chand

doi:10.1508/cytologia.79.111

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, despite their popularity and importance both economically and scientifically, the question of whether Mahonia should be recognized as a distinct genus separated from "simple-leaved" Berberis (Berberis s.str.) has been debated intermittently for almost two centuries (Fedde, 1901;Takeda, 1917;Shen, 1954;Ahrendt, 1961;Meacham, 1980;McCain & Hennen, 1982;Moran, 1982;Terabayashi, 1985a, b;Loconte & Estes, 1989;Laferrière, 1997;Marroquín & Laferrière, 1997;Whittemore, 1997;Kim & al., 2004a;Harms, 2007;Zamudio, 2009;Rounsaville & Ranney, 2010;Ying & al., 2011;Holmgren & Holmgren, 2012;Jeelani & al., 2014;Adhikari & al., 2015). Supporters of a broadly defined Berberis (Berberis s.l.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus

Chung

2017

TAXON

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Whether Mahonia should be recognized as a distinct genus or subsumed under Berberis has long been debated since its publication in 1818. Although recent molecular phylogenetic studies showed the paraphyly of Mahonia and some advocated a broadly defined Berberis to include Mahonia, the acceptance of Berberis s.l. is far from universal. Due to insufficient sampling and analytical issues of outgroup rooting, taxon misidentification, and the inclusion of a problematic GenBank DNA sequence, we argue that the phylogenetic status of Mahonia and consequently the circumscription of Berberis s.l. remains problematic. In particular, Berberis claireae and Mahonia sect. Horridae, taxa both inhabiting xeric habitats and characterized by a transitional morphology between Berberis s.str. and typical Mahonia (core Mahonia), have not been adequately sampled and well‐positioned phylogenetically. With the inclusion of these key species and an expanded sampling of core Mahonia, we re‐examine the phylogenetic relationships of Berberis s.l. using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nrDNA, and three coding regions (accD, ndhF, rbcL) and one non‐coding region (psbA‐trnH) of the chloroplast genome. Our analyses reveal four clades within Berberis s.l., corresponding to Berberis s.str., B. claireae, core Mahonia, and Mahonia sect. Horridae, with the latter three (all compound‐leaved) forming a paraphyletic grade sister to simple‐leaved Berberis. Because of morphological and ecological distinctness of these four clades and their deep stem divergences equivalent to other genera of Berberidaceae, we propose a new classification of Berberis s.l. by applying a strict definition of Berberis (≡ Berberis s.str.), reinstating Mahonia (≡ core Mahonia), and proposing the two new genera Alloberberis nom. & stat. nov. (≡ Mahonia sect. Horridae) and Moranothamnus gen. nov. (≡ B. claireae). This revised classification is consistent with the traditional perception of Berberis and results in a monophyletic Mahonia, maintaining the stable usage of these two household names in both academic and non‐academic communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus

Chung

2017

TAXON

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“…In addition, the authors studied detailed meiotic behaviour for 12 species of Brassicaceae from the Western Himalaya (Jeelani et al 2013). Jeelani et al (2014) also studied the cytogenetics of four species of genus Berberis.…”

Section: The Period 2006-2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyto-genetic diversity with special reference to medicinal plants of the Kashmir Himalaya – a review

Siddique

Jeelani

2015

Caryologia

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The present paper reviews research conducted on the cytogenetics of the plants of the Kashmir Himalaya. The review discloses that out of the total c.550 cytologically determined plants, there are c.190 genera and c.55 families of angiosperms. Among the cytologically determined species, c.50 species have been reported for the first time at global level along with varied chromosomal reports for c.110 species from the Kashmir Himalaya. The genus Jaeschkea has also been cytologically determined for the first time worldwide from the Kashmir Himalaya. The chromosome numbers in these species vary from 2n = 10 to 2n = 120 with frequency of 2n = 18 (13.73%), 2n = 16 (13.46%), 2n = 14 (7.96%) and 2n = 32 (7.41%). The reported base numbers of x = 7, x = 8, x = 9 are common ones. Most of the genera are polybasic, followed by monobasic and dibasics while tribasic taxa are least represented in the Kashmir Himalaya. New base numbers have been reported for Astragalus (x = 6), Cheiranthus (x = 6), Gypsophila (x = 13), Meconopsis (x = 7) and Saussurea (x = 18) from this region. In all, nearly 65% species are diploids and the rest (35%) are polyploids existing at various polyploid levels, with a preponderance of tetraploids. These plants depict significant level of intraspecific variability not only in chromosome numbers but also for meiotic behaviour and morphology. The knowledge of intraspecific variability of these species point out the existence of genetic diversities. Additionally, it has been observed that molecular marker studies are restricted to few plant species in the geographically diverse the Kashmir Himalaya.

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First report of bicolour FISH of Berberis diaphana and B. soulieana reveals interspecific differences and co-localization of (AGGGTTT)3 and rDNA 5S in B. diaphana

Liu

Luo

2019

Hereditas

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Background Berberis consists of approximately 500 species and is the largest genus in Berberidaceae. Most Berberis species lack cytological data, and bicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has never been performed on Berberis . In this work, a karyotype of Berberis diaphana , an alpine Berberis species obtained from an altitude of 3600 m in Wolong National Nature Reserve, China, was analysed and compared with Berberis soulieana Schneid. via FISH using oligonucleotide telomere probes for (AGGGTTT) 3 and 5S rDNA (41 bp) for the first time. Results Berberis diaphana belonged to cytotype 2A and had the karyotype formula 2n = 2x = 28 = 26 m + 2 sm (2SAT). The mitotic metaphase chromosome lengths ranged from 1.82 ± 0.04 μm to 2.75 ± 0.00 μm. Clear (AGGGTTT) 3 signals were detected at two telomeres in every chromosome and were co–localized with 5S rDNA at the terminal regions of the long arms in the 6 th pair of chromosomes. One pair of (AGGGTTT) 3 sites was localized in the satellites of the 7 th pair of chromosomes, which are the only submetacentric chromosomes in this species. Totally 28 chromosomes with one pair of satellited chromosomes were observed in B. soulieana . This species had four 5S rDNA signals with two weak signals at the end of long arms in the 5 th pair of chromosomes and another two strong signals detected in the interstitial region close to the end of short arms in the 6 th pair of chromosomes. Each large signal consisted of two smaller signals with secondary constrictions around them. Conclusions FISH physical mapping of B. diaphana suggested that (AGGGTTT) 3 and rDNA 5S co-localize at the 6 th pair of chromosomes. The density, location and number difference of 5S rDNA loci indicated structural differences among the chromosomes between B. diaphana and B. soulieana. Our results provide information that may contribute to future studies on the physical assembly of the Berberis genome and the evolution of rDNA and telomere FISH patterns in Berberis .

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Cytogenetics of Four Species of Genus <i>Berberis</i> L. (Berberidaceae Juss.) from the Western Himalayas

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus

Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus

Cyto-genetic diversity with special reference to medicinal plants of the Kashmir Himalaya – a review

First report of bicolour FISH of Berberis diaphana and B. soulieana reveals interspecific differences and co-localization of (AGGGTTT)3 and rDNA 5S in B. diaphana

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