Cytochrome oxidase 1 gene sequence analysis in six flatfish species (Teleostei, Pleuronectidae) of Far East Russia with inferences in phylogeny and taxonomy

Sequence divergence at mitochondrial genes in animals: Applicability of DNA data in genetics of speciation and molecular phylogenetics

“…However, it is frequently stated without statistical substantiation. The presented analyses for 12 protein-coding genes in a torrent catfish (Kartavtsev et al, 2007b), for Cyt-b and Co-1 in flatfish (Kartavtsev et al, 2007a(Kartavtsev et al, , 2008, for Co-1 in scorpion-like and perch-like fish (Kartavtsev et al, 2009a,b) validated this on a firm statistical basis and also emphasized that taxonomic differences are discernible (Kartavtsev et al, 2007a). It is believed that the nucleotide bias reflects the hydrophobic properties of the encoded proteins (Nailor et al, 1996).…”

“…The sequence length varied for Cyt-b from 200 bp (Johns and Avise, 1998) up to an almost complete 1200 bp (Kartavtsev et al, 2007a,b;Hardman, 2004 etc. ) and that for Co-1 varied in different comparison groups from 619 to 669 bp Hebert and Ratnasingham, 2002;Kartavtsev et al, 2008Ward et al, 2005 etc. ) or more than 500 bp in calculations based on BOLD database (http://www.…”

“…Actually, heterogeneity of K2P values at Cyt-b gene was found for the vertebrate groups examined: amphibians and reptiles have the highest, and birds, the lowest variability (Johns and Avise, 1998). Significant heterogeneity of the nucleotide diversity was obtained for Co-1 among flatfish genera (Kartavtsev et al, 2008). Interspecies heterogeneity of nucleotide diversity estimates at Cyt-b can be found even within a single fish genus .…”

“…For the other gene, Co-1, the species within the genus Cnidaria have p = 1%, while in crustaceans p = 15.4% (Hebert and Ratnasingham, 2002). The difference for flatfish genera at Co-1 sequences was demonstrated too (Kartavtsev et al, 2008), and in a wider context the heterogeneity among animal taxa at the level of genus for both Cyt-b and Co-1 is known . One-way parametric ANOVA and K-W ANOVA proved this conclusion: for Cyt-b, F =265.08, d.f.=3, 10,654, P b 0.01; K-W H = 10.87, d.f.…”

Sequence Diversity at Cyt-b and Co-1 mtDNA Genes in Animal Taxa Proved Neo-Darwinism

“…In other words, data on sampled mtDNA genes diversity are not expected to be critically affected by these factors and applicable in taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics up to the order level in various animal taxa. Complementary to above information, vast DNA barcoding surveys obtained that majority of genera and even families are monophyletic [11,12,17,18]; thus, molecular phylogenetic signal also show basic hierarchical ordering of genetic diversity (divergence) in nature taxa. Jointly, all these data suppose that such events as horizontal gene transfer and introgression of genes throughout taxa borders are negligible too and unable to change basic process of vertical gender transmission.…”