Cytoarchitecture of the Spinal Cord

Primary Afferent Projections to the Spinal Cord

“…The central cervical nucleus receives primary afferents from cervical muscles (Neuhuber and Zenker, 1989) and joints (Hirai et al, 1978), cervical dorsal roots, and semicircular canals (Thomson et al, 1996). The afferent input relayed here is relayed directly to the contralateral vestibular nuclei (Heise and Kayalioglu, 2009). The dorsal nucleus (of Clarke) receives primary afferents from the hind-limb (LaMotte et al, 1991), and axons originating from here form the dorsal spinocerebellar tract.…”

What do the basal ganglia do? A modeling perspective

“…The SNc dopaminergic projections to the dorsal striatum are thought to be involved in voluntary movement and habit learning, whereas the VTA projections to the ventral striatum contribute to reward and motivation (Keath et al 2007). Dopaminergic projections to the PFC (Cohen et al 2002) and to the spinal cord (Heise and Kayalioglu 2008) exist.…”

Spinal Cord Cyto- and Chemoarchitecture

“…Schoenen and Faull (2004) described two types of neurons according to their dendritic architecture in lamina 10 in the human: neurons with a dendritic tree extending in the dorsoventral plane reaching to laminae 6 and 8, and neurons with dendrites extending in the rostrocaudal plane travelling up to a distance of 1.5 mm. Lamina 10 neurons receive somatic and visceral afferents with Aδ and C fibers, and play a role in nociceptive transmission and visceroception including visceral nociception (Heise and Kayalioglu, 2009). There are projections from lamina 10 neurons to various supraspinal regions including the lateral parabrachial nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract and amygdala, medullary and pontine reticular formation, periaqueductal gray, thalamus and hypothalamus (Kayalioglu, 2009).…”

“…Multipolar cells are usually found in the medial portion, flattened cells in middle third and pyramidal cells along the dorsal border of lamina 1 (Lima and Coimbra, 1986). An intracellular recording study in the cat showed that cells of each morphological Heise, C., & Kayalioglu, G. (2009). Cytoarchitecture of the spinal cord.…”

“…Lamina 4 neurons respond to light mechanical and noxious stimuli (Cervero et al, 1988;De Koninck et al, 1992). Projections are mainly in the spinocervical, spinothalamic, spinohypothalamic, spinomesencephalic, spinoparabrachial, spinoreticular and spinocerebellar tracts, and to the post-synaptic dorsal column pathway (Heise and Kayalioglu, 2009;Kayalioglu, 2009). …”