Cylindrospermopsin and Congeners

Kokociński, Mikołaj; Cameán, Ana M.; Carmeli, Shmuel; Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios; Jos, Ángeles; Mankiewicz-Boczek, Joanna; Metcalf, James S.; Moreno, Isabel; Prieto, Ana I.; Sukenik, Assaf

doi:10.1002/9781119068761.ch12

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The presence of two or more cyanobacterial species in water reservoirs is a common finding around the world . Among these cyanobacteria, many are capable to produce cyanotoxins, such as MC‐LR and CYN, which can cause harmful effects in animals, plants, and humans . However, the potential interaction between MC‐LR and CYN has not been deeply explored in vitro, although it is of interest due to their co‐occurrence …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Gutiérrez-Praena

Guzmán-Guillén

Pichardo

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) are toxins produced by different cyanobacterial species, which are found mainly in freshwater reservoirs. Both of them can induce, separately, toxic effects in humans and wildlife. However, little is known about the toxic effects of the combined exposure, which could likely happen, taking into account the concomitant occurrence of the producers. As both cyanotoxins are well known to induce hepatic damage, the human hepatocellular HepG2 cell line was selected for the present study. Thus, the cytotoxicity of both pure cyanotoxins alone (0-5 μg/mL CYN and 0-120 μg/mL MC-LR) and in combination for 24 and 48 h was assayed, as long as the cytotoxicity of extracts from CYN-producing and nonproducing cyanobacterial species. The potential interaction of the combination was evaluated by the isobologram or Chou-Talalay's method, which provides a combination index as a quantitative measure of the two cyanotoxins interaction's degree. Moreover, a morphological study of the individual pure toxins and their combinations was also performed. Results showed that CYN was the most toxic pure cyanotoxin, being the mean effective concentrations obtained ≈4 and 90 μg/mL for CYN and MC-LR, respectively after 24 h. However, the simultaneous exposure showed an antagonistic effect. Morphologically, autophagy, at low concentrations, and apoptosis, at high concentrations were observed, with affectation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These effects were more pronounced with the combination. Therefore, it is important to assess the toxicological profile of cyanotoxins combinations in order to perform more realistic risk evaluations.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regards to CYN, it is synthetized by an increasing number of cyanobacterial species, being the main producers Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii , and Chrysosporum ovalisporum (known before as Aphanizomenon ovalisporum ) . It consists on a tricyclic guanidine moiety combined with hydroxymethyluracil .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Gutiérrez-Praena

Guzmán-Guillén

Pichardo

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…So far, ve analogues of this highly water soluble and planar-shaped alkaloid have been described (Fig. 1) [18,19]. CYN is extracellular and is relatively stable to a wide range of heat, light and pH conditions.…”

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

Schneider

Bláha

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drinking water production faces many different challenges with one of them being naturally produced cyanobacterial toxins. Since pollutants become more abundant and persistent today, conventional water treatment is often no longer sufficient to provide adequate removal. Amongst other emerging technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have a great potential to appropriately tackle this issue. This review addresses the economic and health risks posed by cyanotoxins and discusses their removal from drinking water by AOPs. The current state of knowledge on AOPs and their application for cyanotoxin degradation is synthesized to provide an overview on available techniques and effects of water quality, toxin- and technique-specific parameters on their degradation efficacy. The different AOPs are compared based on their efficiency and applicability, considering economic, practical and environmental aspects and their potential to generate toxic disinfection byproducts. For future research, more relevant studies to include the degradation of less explored cyanotoxins, toxin mixtures in actual surface water, assessment of residual toxicity and scale-up are recommended. Since actual surface water most likely contains more than just cyanotoxins, a multi-barrier approach consisting of a series of different physical, biological and chemical – especially oxidative – treatment steps is inevitable to ensure safe and high quality drinking water.

show abstract

“…Owing to its zwitterionic nature, CYN is a highly water-soluble compound [ 2 ]. Currently, five analogs of CYN are known, namely CYN, 7-epi-CYN, 7-deoxy-CYN, and the two recently characterized congeners, 7-deoxydesulfo-CYN and 7-deoxydesulfo-12-acetyl-CYN [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aphanizomenon gracile and A. flos-aquae are the most important CYN producers in Europe [ 6 ]. Moreover, for most of the known CYN-producing species, both CYN-producing and nonproducing strains have been observed [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Cylindrospermopsin: A Review

Pichardo

Cameán

Jos

2017

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanobacterial toxin that is gaining importance, owing to its increasing expansion worldwide and the increased frequency of its blooms. CYN mainly targets the liver, but also involves other organs. Various mechanisms have been associated with its toxicity, such as protein synthesis inhibition, oxidative stress, etc. However, its toxic effects are not yet fully elucidated and additional data for hazard characterization purposes are required. In this regard, in vitro methods can play an important role, owing to their advantages in comparison to in vivo trials. The aim of this work was to compile and evaluate the in vitro data dealing with CYN available in the scientific literature, focusing on its toxicokinetics and its main toxicity mechanisms. This analysis would be useful to identify research needs and data gaps in order to complete knowledge about the toxicity profile of CYN. For example, it has been shown that research on various aspects, such as new emerging toxicity effects, the toxicity of analogs, or the potential interaction of CYN with other cyanotoxins, among others, is still very scarce. New in vitro studies are therefore welcome.

show abstract

Cylindrospermopsin and Congeners

Cited by 22 publications

References 83 publications

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Cylindrospermopsin: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About