Cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione as a derivatizing agent for the analysis of aldehydes by micelar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detection

Abstract

Aldehydes are important compounds in a large number of samples, especially food and beverages. In this work, for the first time, cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione (CHD) was used as a derivatizing reagent aiming aldehyde (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and valeraldehyde) analysis by MEKC‐DAD. The optimized separation of the derivates was performed using a voltage program (+20 kV, 0–15 min.; +23 kV, 15–17 min.) at a temperature of 26°C, and using as the running buffer a mixture containing 100 mmol/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 29 mmol/L of sodium tetraborate at pH 9.2, with maximum absorbance at 260 nm. CHD was compared with two other derivatizing agents: 3‐methyl‐2‐benzothiazolinone hydrazone and phenylhydrazine‐4‐sulfonic acid. The CHD‐aldehyde derivatives were also characterized by LC‐MS. The calibration curves for all aldehydes had r2 above 0.999 and LODs ranged from 0.01 to 0.7 mg/L. The optimized methodology was applied in sugar cane brandy (cachaça) samples successfully. CHD showed to be an alternative derivatization reagent due to its stability, aqueous solubility, high selectivity and sensitivity, reduced impurities, and simple preparation steps.

Noncovalent Complexes of Cyclodextrin with Small Organic Molecules: Applications and Insights into Host–Guest Interactions in the Gas Phase and Condensed Phase

“…CD-containing chiral stationary phase (CSP) is extensively used in gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), micro solid phase extraction (μ-SPE), capillary electrophoresis (CE), capillary electrochromatography (CEC), electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for the separation of structurally similar compounds or complex product matrices of enantiomers [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ]. The derivatization or coupling of CDs using various functional molecules is also widely employed in this field [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ]. One such example can be seen in the study conducted by Sun et al, in which per-4-chlorophenylcarbamate/β-cyclodextrin-based CSP was developed and successfully applied for the separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers and 22 other drug racemates [ 109 , 110 ].…”

Progress and Challenges in Quantifying Carbonyl-Metabolomic Phenomes with LC-MS/MS

“…Cyclohexane-1,3-dione (CHD) is an alternative derivatization reagent since it is less toxic and irritant than acetylacetone and other derivatization reagents, such as 3-methyl-2benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) and phenylhydrazine-4-sulfonic acid (PHSA) [123]. The derivatization using CHD has high selectivity and sensitivity without the need of pH adjustment, and each different aldehyde only forms one derivative without the formation of isomers.…”

Past, present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques

“…Compatibility of derivatization with technological advances, for example, MEKC separations with plastic microchips [178] and integrated sample pretreatment with in‐capillary derivatization for high‐throughput screening [177], was also demonstrated. Recent advances include novel derivatizing agents [193] and separations of FMOC‐derivatized amino acids with chiral ILs [168].…”