Cyclic Growth and Destruction of Volcanoes

Landslide Processes Involved in Volcano Dismantling From Past to Present: The Remarkable Open‐Air Laboratory of the Cirque de Salazie (Reunion Island)

“…Large‐scale volcanic landslides (e.g., slumps and debris avalanches [DA]) with various magnitudes and kinematics may occur several times during the evolution of a volcano. These landslides can reach volumes of several km 3 , which can correspond to the destabilization of an entire volcanic flank (Blahůt et al., 2019; Carracedo et al., 1999; Holcomb & Searle, 1991; Martí et al., 1997; Masson, 1996; Moore et al., 1989; Oehler et al., 2008; Okubo, 2004; Schaefer et al., 2019; Vallance & Scott, 1997; Voight & Elsworth, 1997; Watt et al., 2014; Zernack & Procter, 2021).…”

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Volcanic edifices often exhibit an eventful geological history characterized by constructive and destructive phases (Carracedo et al, 1999;Gayer et al, 2021;Thouret, 1999;Zernack & Procter, 2021). Volcanic terrains are characterized by a combination of specific environmental factors that make them prone to landslides, such as high relief, steep slopes, weathered and fractured materials, alternating layers of lavas and volcaniclastic deposits with different mechanical characteristics, and preferential shear surfaces (Roverato et al, 2015;Scott et al, 2001;Tibaldi et al, 2008).

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Re-investigation of the sector collapse timing of Usu volcano, Japan, inferred from reworked ash deposits caused by debris avalanche

“…Moreover, edifice failure can change the magma plumbing system of a volcano and subsequent volcanic activity (Manconi et al, 2009;Boudon et al, 2013;Watt, 2019). Thus, it is important to identify sector collapse events within the long-term growth history of a volcano (Zernack and Procter, 2021). To better understand the volcanic system and allow for hazard assessment and potential disaster mitigation, it is important to clarify both the frequency-magnitude of sector collapse and its trigger, transport and emplacement mechanisms.…”

Elucidating stratovolcano construction from volcaniclastic mass‐flow deposits: The medial ring‐plain of Taranaki Volcano, New Zealand

“…Andesitic stratovolcanoes exhibit a tendency for periodic edifice growth (construction phases) interspersed by sector or flank collapses (destruction phases) that are evidenced by the deposition of debris‐avalanche deposits (DAD; Voight et al., 1981; Crandell et al., 1984; Siebert, 1984; Ui et al., 1986b; Vallance et al., 1995; Glicken, 1996; Van Wyk de Vries & Francis, 1997; Capra et al., 2002; Waythomas & Wallace, 2002; Concha‐Dimas et al., 2005; Shea et al., 2008; Zernack et al., 2009; Gaylord & Neall, 2012; Zernack & Procter, 2021). Thus, debris‐avalanche deposits act as edifice failure indicators terminate and separate individual growth cycles of long‐lived stratovolcanoes.…”

“…Volcanic activity during edifice rebuilding is not constant and the depositional processes affect different sectors of a volcanic apron (ring plain) surrounding a volcanic edifice at different times, while others record simultaneous periods of quiescence. As an outcome of this naturally occurring cyclic behaviour mass‐flow deposits, resedimented pyroclastic deposits and occasionally fluvial and aeolian deposits build up the landscape‐forming regions of the volcaniclastic apron throughout edifice regrowth, involving timescales of 0.1 to 10 kyr (Scott et al., 1995; Belousov et al., 1999; Tibaldi, 2001; Zernack et al., 2011; Zernack & Procter, 2021). Ring‐plain successions are progressively constructed through the deposition of syn‐eruptive and post‐eruptive volcaniclastics, minor eruption‐related or so‐called primary deposits and secondary materials (Palmer & Neall, 1991; Smith, 1991; Cronin et al., 1996; Davidson & De Silva, 2000; Donoghue & Neall, 2001; Borgia & van Wyk de Vries, 2003; Zernack, 2021).…”