Cyanuric Acid and Cyanuric Chloride

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Cyanuric Acid 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.4. Environmental Protection 2.5. Quality Specifications and Chemical Analysis 2.6. Storage and Transportation 2.7. Uses 2.8. Economic Aspects 2.9. Toxicology and Occupational Health 3. Cyanuric Chloride 3.1. Physical Properties 3.2. Chemical Properties 3.3. Production 3.4. Environmental Protection 3.5. Quality Specifications and Analysis 3.6. Storage and Transportation 3.7. Uses 3.8. Economic Aspects 3.9. Toxicology and Occupational Health

A bibliometric review of triazine hybrids: synthesis, reactions, and applications spanning the last quarter-century (2000–2025)

“…Treatment of cyanuric acid (103) with ammonia under the influence of pressure and 350–400 °C afforded melamine 69. 87 Melamine is a durable thermosetting plastic utilized in high-pressure decorative laminates, 88 insulation, 89 and fire-retardant additives, 90 as well as in the impregnation of décor paper, 91 and fertilizer for crops. 92 Also, melamine derivatives treat African trypanosomiasis.…”

“…Conversely, replacing three hydrogens of cyanuric acid (103) when it is in the form of enol with an alkali earth metal such as NaOH furnished triazine salts 69 ( Scheme 41 ). 87 The harsh thermal conditions in method A may promote efficient substitution; however, decomposition may occur, leading to decreasing selectivity. In contrast, the lower temperature in method B allow better control and enhance the selectivity.…”

A bibliometric review of triazine hybrids: synthesis, reactions, and applications spanning the last quarter-century (2000–2025)

“…Treatment of cyanuric acid (103) with ammonia under the influence of pressure and 350–400 °C afforded melamine 69. 87 Melamine is a durable thermosetting plastic utilized in high-pressure decorative laminates, 88 insulation, 89 and fire-retardant additives, 90 as well as in the impregnation of décor paper, 91 and fertilizer for crops. 92 Also, melamine derivatives treat African trypanosomiasis.…”

“…Conversely, replacing three hydrogens of cyanuric acid (103) when it is in the form of enol with an alkali earth metal such as NaOH furnished triazine salts 69 ( Scheme 41 ). 87 The harsh thermal conditions in method A may promote efficient substitution; however, decomposition may occur, leading to decreasing selectivity. In contrast, the lower temperature in method B allow better control and enhance the selectivity.…”

Low Fibrillation Lyocell Fiber: Analysis of Fiber and its Crosslinking Agent

“…NHDT is unstable and gradually hydrolyzes during storage. [38][39][40][41][42] Its solution changes from alkaline to acidic and a large amount of white precipitate appears at last in a non-alkaline solution. HNMR spectra analysis showed that the white precipitate is cyanuric acid (5).…”

“…The hydrolysis process of the NHDT under alkaline conditions is verified by the test method discussed later and by existing studies. [38][39][40][41][42] Therefore, the hydrolyzed products of NHDT are compound 4, compound 6 and Cl − under alkaline conditions.…”

Recent biological applications of heterocyclic hybrids containing s -triazine scaffold

“…Compound ( 40) is a bioconjugate incorporating the structural component of s-triazine tethered with tetrazole. 47 In vitro, analysis of (40) suggested that exhibited good cytotoxicity against human alveolar basal epithelium adenocarcinoma A549 (IC 50 = 41.3 mmol L −1 ), human ovarian teratocarcinoma PA-1 (IC 50 = 10.6 mmol L −1 ), hepatocarcinoma Huh7 (IC 50 = 19.9 mmol L −1 ), cervical cancer HeLa (IC 50 = 3.7 mmol L −1 ), and human embryonic kidney HEK293 (IC 50 = 15.8 mmol L −1 ). Aer investigation, it was suggested that the possible mechanism of cytotoxicity is through HIF pathway inhibition.…”

A bibliometric review of triazine hybrids: synthesis, reactions, and applications spanning the last quarter-century (2000–2025)

“…Treatment of cyanuric acid (103) with ammonia under the influence of pressure and 350–400 °C afforded melamine 69. 87 Melamine is a durable thermosetting plastic utilized in high-pressure decorative laminates, 88 insulation, 89 and fire-retardant additives, 90 as well as in the impregnation of décor paper, 91 and fertilizer for crops. 92 Also, melamine derivatives treat African trypanosomiasis.…”

“…Conversely, replacing three hydrogens of cyanuric acid (103) when it is in the form of enol with an alkali earth metal such as NaOH furnished triazine salts 69 ( Scheme 41 ). 87 The harsh thermal conditions in method A may promote efficient substitution; however, decomposition may occur, leading to decreasing selectivity. In contrast, the lower temperature in method B allow better control and enhance the selectivity.…”

Low Fibrillation Lyocell Fiber: Analysis of Fiber and its Crosslinking Agent

“…NHDT is unstable and gradually hydrolyzes during storage. [38][39][40][41][42] Its solution changes from alkaline to acidic and a large amount of white precipitate appears at last in a non-alkaline solution. HNMR spectra analysis showed that the white precipitate is cyanuric acid (5).…”

“…The hydrolysis process of the NHDT under alkaline conditions is verified by the test method discussed later and by existing studies. [38][39][40][41][42] Therefore, the hydrolyzed products of NHDT are compound 4, compound 6 and Cl − under alkaline conditions.…”

Recent biological applications of heterocyclic hybrids containing s -triazine scaffold

“…Compound ( 40) is a bioconjugate incorporating the structural component of s-triazine tethered with tetrazole. 47 In vitro, analysis of (40) suggested that exhibited good cytotoxicity against human alveolar basal epithelium adenocarcinoma A549 (IC 50 = 41.3 mmol L −1 ), human ovarian teratocarcinoma PA-1 (IC 50 = 10.6 mmol L −1 ), hepatocarcinoma Huh7 (IC 50 = 19.9 mmol L −1 ), cervical cancer HeLa (IC 50 = 3.7 mmol L −1 ), and human embryonic kidney HEK293 (IC 50 = 15.8 mmol L −1 ). Aer investigation, it was suggested that the possible mechanism of cytotoxicity is through HIF pathway inhibition.…”

A bibliometric review of triazine hybrids: synthesis, reactions, and applications spanning the last quarter-century (2000–2025)

“…Treatment of cyanuric acid (103) with ammonia under the influence of pressure and 350–400 °C afforded melamine 69. 87 Melamine is a durable thermosetting plastic utilized in high-pressure decorative laminates, 88 insulation, 89 and fire-retardant additives, 90 as well as in the impregnation of décor paper, 91 and fertilizer for crops. 92 Also, melamine derivatives treat African trypanosomiasis.…”

“…Conversely, replacing three hydrogens of cyanuric acid (103) when it is in the form of enol with an alkali earth metal such as NaOH furnished triazine salts 69 ( Scheme 41 ). 87 The harsh thermal conditions in method A may promote efficient substitution; however, decomposition may occur, leading to decreasing selectivity. In contrast, the lower temperature in method B allow better control and enhance the selectivity.…”

Low Fibrillation Lyocell Fiber: Analysis of Fiber and its Crosslinking Agent

“…NHDT is unstable and gradually hydrolyzes during storage. [38][39][40][41][42] Its solution changes from alkaline to acidic and a large amount of white precipitate appears at last in a non-alkaline solution. HNMR spectra analysis showed that the white precipitate is cyanuric acid (5).…”

“…The hydrolysis process of the NHDT under alkaline conditions is verified by the test method discussed later and by existing studies. [38][39][40][41][42] Therefore, the hydrolyzed products of NHDT are compound 4, compound 6 and Cl − under alkaline conditions.…”

Recent biological applications of heterocyclic hybrids containing s -triazine scaffold

“…Compound ( 40) is a bioconjugate incorporating the structural component of s-triazine tethered with tetrazole. 47 In vitro, analysis of (40) suggested that exhibited good cytotoxicity against human alveolar basal epithelium adenocarcinoma A549 (IC 50 = 41.3 mmol L −1 ), human ovarian teratocarcinoma PA-1 (IC 50 = 10.6 mmol L −1 ), hepatocarcinoma Huh7 (IC 50 = 19.9 mmol L −1 ), cervical cancer HeLa (IC 50 = 3.7 mmol L −1 ), and human embryonic kidney HEK293 (IC 50 = 15.8 mmol L −1 ). Aer investigation, it was suggested that the possible mechanism of cytotoxicity is through HIF pathway inhibition.…”