CWDM self-referencing sensor network based on ring resonators in reflective configuration

Montalvo, Julio; Vázquez, Carmen; Montero, D. S.

doi:10.1364/oe.14.004601

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…It has been estimated that and . The performance of both phase-difference self-referencing parameters , versus , , respectively, are exactly the same, as both sensor configurations share the modulation frequencies , and the length of the fiber delay coils, , see (9) and (15). The difference between the correction factors of for ,2 are due to the different modulation efficiency constants , of the intensity modulator and the different balance between the reflectivities of the reference and the sensor fiber Bragg gratings at the 1530 nm and 1550 nm regions, see (14).…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Finally, FBGs are a well-known, low-cost and excellent technology to achieve WDM of optical sensors, because they can be used as spectral splitting devices of broadband light sources. Wavelength-division-multiplexed intensity sensor networks have been reported in reflective star and ladder topologies using FBGs and fused biconical wavelength selective couplers [7], [8] or CWDM devices [9]. Interrogation techniques for multipoint FBG sensors in series have been reported using modelocked wavelength-swept lasers [10] and Sagnac loop filters [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Radio-Frequency Self-Referencing Technique With Enhanced Sensitivity for Coarse WDM Fiber Optic Intensity Sensors

Montalvo

Frazão

Santos

et al. 2009

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-A self-referenced passive optical network (PON) with coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) is reported for remotely addressing optical intensity sensors with enhanced sensitivity. The self-referencing remote configuration is described as a finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter in reflective operation using two fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and a fiber delay line. The antisymmetrical phase response of the configuration permits to achieve a self-referencing measurement parameter two times more sensitive than reported previously. To enhance the power budget of the network, CWDM devices with low insertion losses are used for spectral splitting of a radio-frequency (RF) modulated broadband light source (BLS). The network topology and the sensor's interrogation technique are theoretically analyzed and experimental results validating the models are reported.Index Terms-Coarse wavelenght-division multiplexing (CWDM), digital filters, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), fiber delay lines, optical intensity sensors, passive optical networks (PON), self-reference.

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Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio-Frequency Self-Referencing Technique With Enhanced Sensitivity for Coarse WDM Fiber Optic Intensity Sensors

Montalvo

Frazão

Santos

et al. 2009

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…A scalable self-referencing sensor network with low insertion losses implemented in Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) technology is reported. It allows obtaining remote self-referenced measurements with a fullduplex fiber downlead up to tenths km long, with no need for optical amplification [17]. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are used in order to achieve a reflective configuration, thus increasing the sensitivity of the optical transducers.…”

Section: Multiplexing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CWDM self-reference multiplexing configuration has been experimentally demonstrated in [17]. This topology can also be used for addressing microfiber loop resonators which have been proposed as temperature sensors [14], and for addressing microring resonators on side-polished optical fibers [26]; proposed as biochemical sensing platforms.…”

Section: Multiplexing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, sometimes spectral splitting technique developed in a non efficient manner by using costly dedicated devices such as wavelength sensitive couplers has brought the need of amplification. Solutions based on low cost off-the-shelf devices, optimising power loss to increase the fiber lead length and the number of multiplexed sensors has also been reported [17] and it will be described in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-referencing techniques in photonics sensors and multiplexing

et al. 2007

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A short review of self-reference techniques for remote fiber-optic intensity sensors and possible integration in multiplexing sensor networks is reported. Special focus is given to developments on radio-frequency (RF) source modulation techniques in interferometric configurations operating under incoherent regime. Experimental results on ring resonator (RR) configurations in transmission and reflection modes are included. Sensitivity, optimum insertion losses and robustness to intensity error fluctuations are reported. Sensors are interrogated at two sub carrier frequencies having a high rejection of interference from laser source intensity fluctuations and loss in the fiber lead. Dependence on source coherence is also analysed.Scalable self-referencing sensor networks with low insertion losses implemented in Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) technology are reported. The possibility of remote self-referenced measurements using a fullduplex fiber down-lead tenths of kilometers long with no need for optical amplification is also described. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are used in the reflection configuration, thus increasing the sensitivity of the optical transducers. Lowcost off-the-shelf devices in CWDM and DWDM technology can be used to implement and scale the network.Applications to specific photonic sensors are also envisaged and these techniques can be used in networks of microfiber loop resonators, being the microfiber loop the sensing element itself.

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Experimental study of the SLM behavior and remote sensing applications of a multi-wavelength fiber laser topology based on DWDMs

et al. 2015

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microwave photonics [1]. Several approaches have been employed to implement SLM operation in EDFLs, such as short linear cavity distributed Bragg reflector fiber lasers, fiber distributed feedback lasers, fiber ring lasers or Sagnac configurations [2,3] with different ring cavity topologies. However, the fiber ring laser unavoidably generates an enormous number of densely spaced longitudinal modes lying beneath the erbium gain profile due to the required intracavity optical components, connecting fibers, and a rather long cavity length. Thus, fiber ring lasers usually perform unstably with a larger linewidth due to the multimode oscillation, mode competition, and hopping. Several previous studies proposed by the authors [2,4] show that a single-mode operation of these laser systems in the C-band can be achieved when we emit simultaneously more than one wavelength using special ring cavity configurations.On the other hand, the utilization of CWDM techniques in sensors multiplexing enhances the power budged, and scalability of the network is possible in combination with DWDM techniques or ordinary couplers as stated in [5,6].Optical amplification techniques, and particularly, doped fiber amplifiers supposed a revolution for optical fiber systems [7]. Moreover, the use of Raman amplification also enabled the remote sensor operation, increasing the number of sensors per fiber on the network [7-9]. The optimum configuration of the amplifier employed in a sensor network strongly depends on the system topology, the number of sensors and the multiplexing technique [10].Investigation in remote sensing is under way with a few approaches of ultra-long-distance fiber Bragg gratings sensor systems using tunable filters or different interrogation techniques which reach as far as 250 km [11]. However, these systems have restrictive multiplexing capabilities (e.g., sensors can be located only at the end of the fiber) and do not allow a real-time monitoring. This is because Abstract In this work, two different multi-wavelength fiber ring laser configurations have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The aim of this paper is to show the versatility of the MUX/DMUX device for designing fiber lasers. That was carried out by enhancing the performance of two intrinsically different fiber lasers: an EDF in single longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation and an ultralong cavity multi-wavelength Raman laser for remote sensing applications. The main objective of the first experimental setup is to generate SLM emission lines with linewidths as narrow as possible. That was carried out by using the interaction between the reflected signals from the FBGs and the transmitted signal from the corresponding PS-FBG in each transmission band. The second topology consists of a multi-wavelength fiber laser for remote sensing applications by using Raman amplification where sensors located 100 km away from the receiver have been measured. As a remarkable improvement from other remote sensing systems, the sensors can be located at any place of the fi...

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CWDM self-referencing sensor network based on ring resonators in reflective configuration

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Radio-Frequency Self-Referencing Technique With Enhanced Sensitivity for Coarse WDM Fiber Optic Intensity Sensors

Radio-Frequency Self-Referencing Technique With Enhanced Sensitivity for Coarse WDM Fiber Optic Intensity Sensors

Self-referencing techniques in photonics sensors and multiplexing

Experimental study of the SLM behavior and remote sensing applications of a multi-wavelength fiber laser topology based on DWDMs

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