Cutaneous syndromes of non-X histiocytosis. A review of the macrophage-histiocyte diseases of the skin

Abstract

The bone marrow and blood monocytes are precursor cells to the macrophage-histiocyte, the Langerhans cell, the indeterminate cell, the interdigitating cell, and the dendritic cell in the thymus, lymph node, and skin. While there are many histologic and functional similarities in these cell types, some differences do occur. A notable difference is the minimal phagocytosis by the Langerhans cell and the histiocytosis X cell. Non-X histiocytosis is represented by a series of cutaneous disease patterns characterized by localized, nonaggressive, histioxanthomatous skin and mucous membrane lesions, with a tendency to self-heal, Eruptive histiocytoma, juvenile xanthogranuloma, reticulohistiocytoma cutis, papular xanthoma, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia, and xanthoma disseminatum are cutaneous patterns of non-X histiocytosis that suggest the possibility of at least two patterns of peripheral macrophage differentiation and pathologic change.

Indeterminate‐cell histiocytosis: Immunophenotypic and cytogenetic findings in an infant

“…The so-called non-Langerhans (non-X) histiocytic proliferations [3,4,17] and the few reported cases of ICH almost invariably present with cutaneous involvement and are therefore reported more frequently in the dermatological literature [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Our patient did not present with skin manifestations.…”

Atypical eruptive histiocytosis—a marker of underlying malignancy?

“…Unlike the other entities described, the cases of PNH have shown no tendency to spontaneous resolution. This case bears a close clinical and histological resemblance to PNH; however, Winkelmann (1981) has thrown doubt on the existence of PNH as a distinct entity. It is perhaps not surprising that where several syndromes have a common cellular origin, a degree of histological and clinical variability may also occur and the term atypical eruptive histiocytosis serves to stress the common origin of these benign histiocytic proliferations which cannot be clearly categorized.…”

Case Reports on Juvenile Xanthogranuloma and Brief Review of Literature

“…In both of our case, the patients' age was around 1 year which is the commonest age for the occurrence of cutaneous lesions. Winkelmann reported no any sexual or racial predilection of JXG [12]. However, the male to female ratio of 1.5:1 cutaneous JXG in children has been reported in the literature.…”