Cutaneous manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Abstract

Optimal management depends on recognition of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome as a unique syndrome by healthcare providers, rather than a failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy or an adverse drug reaction. Our understanding of dermatologic immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome continues to evolve as the diversity of reported cutaneous immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated disorders expands.

Pruritic papular eruption and eosinophilic folliculitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: A histopathological and immunohistochemical comparative study

“…28 Recently, HIV-EF has been associated with IRIS, especially when there is a rapid increase in CD41 cell blood counts related to HAART. [16][17][18] We did not suspect IRIS in the patients of this study because the majority was not receiving HAART and, in those who were receiving this treatment, we did not detect a rapid increase in CD41 cell counts. Distinguishing and describing the papular-pruriginous manifestation in HIV-positive patients are important steps for better understanding the pathogenesis of these conditions.…”

“…[16][17][18] This increase shows the importance of differentiating papular-pruriginous eruption in patients with HIV infection before and during antiretroviral treatment.…”

Cutaneous Mycobacterium kansasii infection in a patient with AIDS post initiation of antiretroviral therapy

“…It is likely that the infection had resolved spontaneously with improvement in immune function. There have been documented cases of IRIS caused by M. kansasii in the skin and the lungs [8,9].…”

Generalized verrucosis: A review of the associated diseases, evaluation, and treatments

“…55 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome typically presents within 3 months of initiating HAART, and is more frequent in patients with a CD4 count less than 200, a rapid clinical response to HAART, end-stage AIDS, or opportunistic infections. 56 Skin manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome are most common, involving 52% to 78% of patients.…”