Custom sample environments at the ALBA XPEEM

Foerster, Michael; Prat, Jordi; Massana, Valentí; González, Nahikari; Fontserè, A.; Molas, B.; Matilla, Oscar; Pellegrin, Eric; Aballe, Lucía

doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.08.016

Cited by 41 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…MIPR HR0011831554. The XMCD-PEEM experiments were performed at (1) the CIRCE beam line at the ALBA synchrotron [49,50] with the x-axis is found very close to t Co = 0, indicating the absence of a magnetically dead layer, consistently with a previous experimental study [1]. The effective anisotropy was measured using SQUID on a Pt/Co(0.9nm)/MgO film, identical to the sample in which we studied the skyrmion dynamics (same position on the wedge).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film

et al. 2019

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Magnetic skyrmions are chiral spin textures that hold great promise as nanoscale information carriers. Since their first observation at room temperature, progress has been made in their currentinduced manipulation, with fast motion reported in stray-field-coupled multilayers. However, the complex spin textures with hybrid chiralities and large power dissipation in these multilayers limit their practical implementation and the fundamental understanding of their dynamics. Here, we report on the current-driven motion of Néel skyrmions with diameters in the 100-nm range in an ultrathin Pt/Co/MgO trilayer. We find that these skyrmions can be driven at a speed of 100 m s −1 and exhibit a drive-dependent skyrmion Hall effect, which is accounted for by the effect of pinning. Our experiments are well substantiated by an analytical model of the skyrmion dynamics as well as by micromagnetic simulations including material inhomogeneities. This good agreement is enabled by the simple skyrmion spin structure in our system and a thorough characterization of its static and dynamical properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film

et al. 2019

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“…The samples are mounted into a custom sample holder [see Fig. 1(d) and Foerster et al (2016)] which includes a printed circuit board (PCB) to provide a platform for wire bonds to the IDT contact pads. Short wire connections between the sample holder feet and the PCB were realized using thin Cu wires and silver paste.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to reduce the risk of arcing between the sample and the objective lens, the microscope was operated at a reduced 10 kV main acceleration voltage and samples were degassed in ultrahigh vacuum at low temperatures (< 100 C) for at least 1 h prior to the measurements. The basic electronic system to produce the RF excitation signal for SAWs in the PEEM microscope is described in detail elsewhere (Foerster et al, 2016). It basically consists of an RF function generator to produce an analog sinusoidal signal, which is phase-locked to the synchrotron master clock and can be adjusted in amplitude and phase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors contribute to the total temporal smearing, such as the X-ray bunch length (20 ps) and dephasing of the X-ray bunches along the orbit (less than 3 ps). However, the main factor is the electronic jitter of the SAW excitation with respect to the master clock which has been measured with an oscilloscope and is approximately 60 ps in the optimum power range (Foerster et al, 2016). Experimentally, an upper limit of the total temporal smearing can be deduced by considering the most detailed feature of the SAW that can be resolved.…”

Section: Appendix a Time/phase Resolution Of The Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of propagating and standing surface acoustic waves by stroboscopic X-ray photoemission electron microscopy

et al. 2019

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The quantification of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in LiNbO3 piezoelectric crystals by stroboscopic X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM), with a temporal smearing below 80 ps and a spatial resolution below 100 nm, is reported. The contrast mechanism is the varying piezoelectric surface potential associated with the SAW phase. Thus, kinetic energy spectra of photoemitted secondary electrons measure directly the SAW electrical amplitude and allow for the quantification of the associated strain. The stroboscopic imaging combined with a deliberate detuning allows resolving and quantifying the respective standing and propagating components of SAWs from a superposition of waves. Furthermore, standing‐wave components can also be imaged by low‐energy electron microscopy (LEEM). Our method opens the door to studies that quantitatively correlate SAWs excitation with a variety of sample electronic, magnetic and chemical properties.

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“…Higher lateral resolution is achieved with electronbased techniques by using secondary or photo-emitted electrons. Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy provide very good lateral resolution ($ 10 nm) but they also have shallow probing depths (1-2 nm) due to strong inelastic scattering of low-energy electrons (Scheinfein et al, 1990;Unguris, 2001;Locatelli & Bauer, 2008;Foerster et al, 2016). This limitation is circumvented for high-energy electrons that traverse samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D reconstruction of magnetization from dichroic soft X-ray transmission tomography

Hierro-Rodríguez

Gürsoy

Phatak

et al. 2018

J Synchrotron Radiat

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The development of magnetic nanostructures for applications in spintronics requires methods capable of visualizing their magnetization. Soft X-ray magnetic imaging combined with circular magnetic dichroism allows nanostructures up to 100-300 nm in thickness to be probed with resolutions of 20-40 nm. Here a new iterative tomographic reconstruction method to extract the three-dimensional magnetization configuration from tomographic projections is presented. The vector field is reconstructed by using a modified algebraic reconstruction approach based on solving a set of linear equations in an iterative manner. The application of this method is illustrated with two examples (magnetic nano-disc and micro-square heterostructure) along with comparison of error in reconstructions, and convergence of the algorithm.

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Custom sample environments at the ALBA XPEEM

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film

Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film

Quantification of propagating and standing surface acoustic waves by stroboscopic X-ray photoemission electron microscopy

3D reconstruction of magnetization from dichroic soft X-ray transmission tomography

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