Current waveform parameters of CN tower lightning return strokes

Hussein, A.M.; Janischewskyj, W.; Milewski, Monika; Shostak, V.; Chisholm, William A.; Chang, Jen‐Shih

doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2004.01.002

Cited by 76 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The median return-stroke peak current was 9.2 kA (n = 615, the largest sample size as of today). For the 553-m CN Tower, Canada, Hussein et al [23] reported the median value of the initial peak of current pulses measured in 1992-2001 at the top of the tower to be 5.1 kA, which is considerably lower than for the Gaisberg tower return strokes, as well as for subsequent strokes in downward lightning and for strokes in rocket-triggered lightning [16]. The discrepancy may be due to inclusion in the Canadian sample of events with current peaks smaller than 1 kA, some of which could be associated with the so-called initial-stage pulses, not with return strokes.…”

Section: Lightning Peak Current -Recent Direct Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Discharge and Fundamentals of Lightning Protection

Rakov¹

2012

JLR

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A review of lightning protection concepts introduced by Benjamin Franklin (18th century) and James Clerk Maxwell (19th century) is given. Modern approaches to lightning protection of various structures and systems are discussed. In particular, the widely used electrogeometrical model (one version of which is the Rolling Sphere Method) and the topological shielding are presented. Bonding requirements, needed to avoid side flashes (in air or in the soil), are discussed. Lightning parameters important for lightning protection are reviewed.

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Section: Lightning Peak Current -Recent Direct Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Discharge and Fundamentals of Lightning Protection

Rakov¹

2012

JLR

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“…For the 553-m CN Tower, Canada, Hussein et al [10] reported the median value of the initial peak of current pulses measured in 1992-2001 at the top of the tower to be 5.1 kA, which is considerably lower than for the Gaisberg tower return strokes, as well as for subsequent strokes in downward lightning and for strokes in rocket-triggered lightning [3]. The discrepancy may be due to inclusion in the Canadian sample of events with current peaks smaller than 1 kA, some of which could be associated with the so-called initial-stage pulses, not with return strokes.…”

Section: A Measurements Of Lightning Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Recent Progress in Lightning Research and Lightning Protection

Rakov

Rachidi

2009

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

201

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Abstract-This review paper, prepared for this second special issue on lightning of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, summarizes major publications on lightning and lightning protection since the first special issue published in November 1998, i.e., during the last decade. The review is organized in the following five sections: lightning discharge-observations, lightning discharge-modeling, lightning occurrence characteristics/lightning locating systems, lightning electromagnetic pulse and lightning-induced effects, and protection against lightning-induced effects.

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“…on the CN Tower in Canada [2]). Rogowski coils can, in principle, have a frequency response down to the Hz or even mHz region, making them suitable for the measurement of initial continuing currents associated with upward flashes (see i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Lightning Currents Using a Combination of Rogowski Coils and B-Dot Sensors

Romero¹,

Mediano²,

Rubinstein³

et al. 2012

JLR

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Abstract:The paper presents laboratory tests for the characterization of commercial Rogowski coils and a specially designed B-Dot sensor for the measurement of lightning currents on the Säntis telecommunications tower in Switzerland. In order to overcome the limited high frequency response of the Rogowski coils, we propose to use magnetic loops located very close to the tower. We introduce the design of a B-Dot sensor based on improvements proposed by C. E. Baum, in which the inductance is lowered by extending the vertical dimension of the loop, with the overall effect of extending the operating frequency range. To overcome the integrating behavior of the B-Dot loop when connected to lowimpedance loads (such as 50 Ohm), an arrangement of 100-Ohm-impedance cables connected across conicaltransmission-line gaps is used. The designed sensor is characterized by an upper frequency cutoff of 20 MHz and a 50 Ohm matched termination. Simulation results and laboratory tests carried out in the high voltage laboratories of the EPFL and Montena EMC show the effectiveness of the simultaneous use of Rogowski coils and B-Dot sensors for the measurement of lightning currents.

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Current waveform parameters of CN tower lightning return strokes

Cited by 76 publications

References 7 publications

Lightning Discharge and Fundamentals of Lightning Protection

Lightning Discharge and Fundamentals of Lightning Protection

Overview of Recent Progress in Lightning Research and Lightning Protection

Measurement of Lightning Currents Using a Combination of Rogowski Coils and B-Dot Sensors

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