Current trends of antimicrobials used in food animals and aquaculture

Ibrahim, Muhammad; Ahmad, Fiaz; Yaqub, Bushra; Ramzan, Ayesha; Imran, Ayesha; Afzaal, Muhammad; Mirza, Safdar Ali; Mazhar, Iqra; Younus, Muhammad; Akram, Qaisar; Taseer, Muhammad Sulman Ali; Ahmad, Ali; Ahmed, Sarfraz

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818882-8.00004-8

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…(2014), ARGs for sulfoamides and trimethoprim were found to persist in fish‐farm sediments for 6 years. Several other reviews have also discussed the influence on fish and human health of antibiotics usage in aquaculture (Cabello et al., 2013; Heuer et al., 2009; Ibrahim et al., 2020; Lulijwa, Rupia, & Alfaro, 2020; Okocha, Olatoye, & Adedeji, 2018; Preena et al., 2020; Sapkota et al., 2008; Watts et al., 2017). Overall, the use of antimicrobials, livestock waste, and heavy metals needs to be better investigated to prevent the formation and persistence of pathogens, ARB, and ARGs in aquaculture production systems.…”

Section: Contamination Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquaculture production presents 46% of the total production and 62% of the total sale value. Due to the increasing demand for high‐quality protein, reduction of the wild fish catch, and advancement in fish farming technologies, global aquaculture production is expected to double by 2050 (Ibrahim et al., 2020). China is the major producer of aquaculture fish, contributing more than half of the global production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies

Sheng

Wang

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

137

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Microorganisms play a crucial and unique role in fish and fish product safety. The presence of human pathogens and the formation of histamine caused by spoilage bacteria make the control of both pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms critical for fish product safety. To provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the involvement of microorganisms in fish and fish product safety, this paper reviewed outbreak and recall surveillance data obtained from government agencies from 1998 to 2018 and identified major safety concerns associated with both domestic and imported fish products. The review also summarized all available literature about the prevalence of major and emerging microbial safety concerns, including Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Aeromonas hydrophila, in different fish and fish products and the survival of these pathogens under different storage conditions. The prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARGs), two emerging food safety concerns, is also reviewed. Pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms as well as ARB and ARGs can be introduced into fish and fish products in both preharvest and postharvest stages. Many novel intervention strategies have been proposed and tested for the control of different microorganisms on fish and fish products. One key question that needs to be considered when developing and implementing novel control measures is how to ensure that the measures are cost and environment friendly as well as sustainable. Over the years, regulations have been established to provide guidance documents for good farming and processing practices. To be more prepared for the globalization of the food chain, harmonization of regulations is still needed.

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Section: Contamination Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies

Sheng

Wang

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

137

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“…However, as a normal part of their commensal intestinal microbiota, Enterococcus spp. are exposed to antibiotics administered to animals to treat or prevent infections caused by other bacteria or given in sub-therapeutic doses to achieve the growth-promoting effects (banned in the EU in 2006 and in the US in 2017 and currently allowed in Brazil and China) ( Daniel et al, 2015 ; Roth et al, 2019 ; Ibrahim et al, 2020 ). Therefore, the use of antimicrobials in food animal production has been associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococci ( Hayes et al, 2004 ; Gadde et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Enterococcus Isolates From Different Sources in Estonia Reveals Potential Transmission of Resistance Genes Among Different Reservoirs

et al. 2021

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In this study, we aimed to characterize the population structure, drug resistance mechanisms, and virulence genes of Enterococcus isolates in Estonia. Sixty-one Enterococcus faecalis and 34 Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected between 2012 and 2014 across the country from various sites and sources, including farm animals and poultry (n = 53), humans (n = 12), environment (n = 24), and wild birds (n = 44). Clonal relationships of the strains were determined by whole-genome sequencing and analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. We determined the presence of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and 23S rRNA mutations, virulence genes, and also the plasmid or chromosomal origin of the genes using dedicated DNA sequence analysis tools available and/or homology search against an ad hoc compiled database of relevant sequences. Two E. faecalis isolates from human with vanB genes were highly resistant to vancomycin. Closely related E. faecalis strains were isolated from different host species. This indicates interspecies spread of strains and potential transfer of antibiotic resistance. Genomic context analysis of the resistance genes indicated frequent association with plasmids and mobile genetic elements. Resistance genes are often present in the identical genetic context in strains with diverse origins, suggesting the occurrence of transfer events.

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“…The high variation in resistance patterns in fish submissions over the study period, in particular for antimicrobials with a low proportion of resistant isolates, may have been due to epidemics of resistant strains or inappropriate use of antimicrobials in selected cases (Ibrahim et al., 2020). Prudent use of antimicrobials is needed to avoid a long‐term increase in resistance to these antimicrobials, and the development of co‐resistances to multiple antimicrobials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demand for fish is increasing in Switzerland and worldwide, as indicated by the increase in fish consumption per person (FAO (Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2012, 2018; FSO (Federal Statistical Office), 2018b; Keller et al, 2012) and increase in population growth (Eurostat, 2019; FAO (Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2012; FSO (Federal Statistical Office), 2018a). Because of overfishing of wild fish, global fishing yields have reached their limits (Chassot et al., 2010; Worm & Branch, 2012) and aquaculture is growing rapidly as an alternative source of aquatic animals (Bostock et al., 2010; Ibrahim et al., 2020). Infectious diseases, especially bacterial infections (Defoirdt, Sorgeloos, & Bossier, 2011; Lin et al., 2016), are the leading cause of mortality in aquaculture (Aunsmo et al., 2008) and are of significant economic and welfare importance (Defoirdt et al., 2011; Lafferty et al., 2015; Subasinghe, Bondad‐Reantaso, & McGladdery, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An understated danger: Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland, a retrospective study from 2000 to 2017

Delalay

Berezowski

Diserens³

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Aquaculture is a rapidly growing field of food production. However, morbidity and mortality are higher in aquaculture species than in domestic animals. Bacterial diseases are a leading cause of farmed fish morbidity and are often treated with antimicrobials. Since most Swiss fish farms release effluents directly into surface water without treatment and since aquaculture fish are consumed by humans, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi-resistance in aquaculture fish are important for environmental and public health. In this study, AMR tests for 14 antimicrobials were performed on 1,448 isolates from 1,134 diagnostic laboratory submissions from farmed and ornamental fish submissions for the period from 2000 to 2017. Amoxicillin, gentamycin and norfloxacin had the lowest proportion of resistant samples. However, AMR was highly variable over time. Resistance proportions were higher in: (a) ornamental fish compared with farmed fish, (b) fish from recirculation systems compared with those from other farming systems and (c) isolates originating from skin compared with those originating from inner organs. Multiple resistances were common. The results of this study provide useful data for Swiss fish veterinarians and some interesting hypotheses about risk factors for AMR in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland. However, further research is needed to define risk factors.

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Current trends of antimicrobials used in food animals and aquaculture

Cited by 69 publications

References 77 publications

The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies

The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies

Molecular Characterization of Enterococcus Isolates From Different Sources in Estonia Reveals Potential Transmission of Resistance Genes Among Different Reservoirs

An understated danger: Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland, a retrospective study from 2000 to 2017

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