Current trends in liquid–liquid and solid–liquid extraction for cosmetic analysis: a review

Comparison of accelerated solvent extraction and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method for extraction and determination of pharmaceuticals in vegetables

“…Determination of trace levels of pharmaceuticals in vegetables is of great challenge owing to the complex composition of plant tissues including pigment, fat, cellulose and wax constituents, which may interfere with sample extraction and instrumental analysis [16,17]. Several methods have been developed for extraction of pharmaceuticals from plants, including solid-liquid extraction (SLE), ultrasonic liquid extraction (ULE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)/accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) [18,19]. The subsequent cleanup step is critically needed due to the complexity of plant tissue matrices; the cleanup methods include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [18].…”

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Plant Flavors and Fragrances

“…Volatile oil extracts from fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris) were obtained by SFE. Fennel oil showed the presence of (E)-anethole (69), estragole (71), and fenchone (72) as the main components. In contrast, thymol (73) and p-cymene (63, Figure 14), the most abundant compounds in thyme leaves, were found in SFE extracts as key compounds contributing to the aroma of thyme leaves ( Figure 16) [4].…”

“…In another work, using absolute calibration, a true quantification of 1,8-cineole (74), camphor (81), linalool (32, Figure 7), linalyl acetate (77) and β-caryophyllene (82) was carried out after L. angustifolia SFE [84]. Finally, volatile oil extracted from L. angustifolia using SC CO 2 by means of a newly developed periodic static-dynamic procedure demonstrated that SFE is a viable technique for separation of constituents such as linalool (32, Figure 7), linalyl acetate (77, Figure 17), fenchone (72), and camphor (81) for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. Furthermore, a substantial reduction of energy consumption and solvent consumption was achieved with this procedure compared to the conventional methods such as such as microwave-accelerated steam distillation and steam distillation for the extraction of essential oil from Italian lavender [85,86].…”

“…Although classical sample preparation procedures are mostly used in labs, the new trends in sample preparation that provide more effective analyte extractions from these complex matrices are gradually being introduced [72]. SFE has been widely applied for the extraction of fragrances in essential oil-producing plants.…”

In-Vial Micro-Matrix-Solid Phase Dispersion for the Analysis of Fragrance Allergens, Preservatives, Plasticizers, and Musks in Cosmetics

“…In this way, several analytical methods to determine fragrance allergens, preservatives, plasticizers, and/or musks in cosmetics and personal care products have been reported. A summary of the more recent extraction and analysis techniques for the analysis of these compounds in different cosmetic matrices can be found in recent reviews [10][11][12][13].…”