2014
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35356
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Abstract: The repair of osteochondral defects requires a tissue engineering approach that aims at mimicking the physiological properties and structure of two different tissues (cartilage and bone) using specifically designed scaffold-cell constructs. Biphasic and triphasic approaches utilize two or three different architectures, materials, or composites to produce a multilayered construct. This article gives an overview of some of the current strategies in multiphasic/gradient-based scaffold architectures and compositio… Show more

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Cited by 169 publications
(153 citation statements)
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“…Worldwide research is ongoing to find methods for tissue engineering of cartilage in vitro [13][14][15][16][17]. In vitro construction of sheets of cartilage for implantation into damaged joints might in the future be a solution for faster normalization than with the use of cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Worldwide research is ongoing to find methods for tissue engineering of cartilage in vitro [13][14][15][16][17]. In vitro construction of sheets of cartilage for implantation into damaged joints might in the future be a solution for faster normalization than with the use of cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this chapter, only the tissue engineering methods are covered, while different methods of cellular therapy of OC defects such as ACI (autologous chondrocyte implantation), MACI (Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation), and mosaicplasty are covered in detail elsewhere [6]. [8]; (2) aggressive enzymatic procedure with collagenase needs to be performed to decompose the collagen from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which can also harm the cells (3) phenotype instability of chondrocytes in 2D (monolayer) cell culture [9] that is usually used in order to achieve high cell numbers: chondrocytes in the monolayer undergo dedifferentiation, stop expressing the chondrogenic markers (e.g., collagen II and aggrecan) and lose their distinctive spherical shape while attaining fibroblast-like morphology [10].…”
Section: Cells As Biomimetic System Componentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cartilaginous layer mechanical properties are obtained through the use of hydrogels or porous sponges, while more rigid, porous and fibrous scaffolds are implemented for the bone region [8,67]. Native ECM components (proteins, GAGs, cell adhesion molecules) are mimicked via chemical functionalization either by chemical binding of peptides on a polymer scaffold [68] or by fabricating a 3D scaffold from self-assembling peptides [67].…”
Section: Scaffolds As Biomimetic Systems Componentmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In other words, there must be a compromise between the temporary mechanical function provided and the architectural properties (i.e., pore shape, size and interconnectivity) in order to pursue a better biological environment and tissue regeneration [3]. A paradigm shift is taking place in the field of orthopedic surgery, with the introduction of the use of synthetic or natural implants [4]. Despite being weaker and softer materials, natural polymers have the advantage of being flexible, thus presenting the capability to adapt their shape to the required forms.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%