Current status, challenges and future outlook of high performance polymer semiconductors for organic photovoltaics modules

Chochos, Christos L.; Spanos, Michael; Tatsi, Elisavet; Drakopoulou, Sofia; Gregoriou, Vasilis G.; Avgeropoulos, Apostolos

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.002

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…In a very recent paper, Chochos et al reported a comprehensive analysis, based on data from the literature, of the synthesis upscalability of efficient low bandgap copolymers. [ 15 ] To this end, they introduced the synthetic complexity (SC) and the figure of merit (FOM), as valuable indices regarding electron‐donor polymers. [ 16 ] SC is defined by Equation (), where NSS is the number of synthetic steps required for the synthesis of the monomers, RY is the yield of the monomers synthesis, NUO is the number of unit operations for the purification of the comonomers, NCC is the number of the column chromatographic steps for the purification of the comonomers, and NHC is the safety characteristics of the chemicals used for their preparation.

SC = 35 \frac{NSS}{{NSS}_{max}} + 25 \frac{log false(RY false)}{log false({RY}_{max} false)} + 15 \frac{NUO}{{NUO}_{max}} + 15 \frac{NCC}{{NCC}_{max}} + 10 \frac{NHC}{{NHC}_{max}}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules Based on Fluorinated Polymers Deposited from Non‐Halogenated Solution: A Major Step Toward Large‐Scale Module Production

et al. 2019

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Several bottlenecks need to be passed to reach market readiness for organic photovoltaic modules. To avoid scarce and costly materials such as indium is an important technological issue. To be able to process the active layer from solutions prepared from non-halogenated solvents and harmless additives is also a crucial step. Herein, a fluorinated polymer is used as an electron-donor material and PC 71 BM as an electron-accepting material in a bulk-heterojunction configuration, to demonstrate that indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free modules with an active area greater than 60 cm 2 and processed from non-halogenated solvents and harmless additives can reach a high power conversion efficiency of above 6%.

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SC = 35 \frac{NSS}{{NSS}_{max}} + 25 \frac{log false(RY false)}{log false({RY}_{max} false)} + 15 \frac{NUO}{{NUO}_{max}} + 15 \frac{NCC}{{NCC}_{max}} + 10 \frac{NHC}{{NHC}_{max}}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules Based on Fluorinated Polymers Deposited from Non‐Halogenated Solution: A Major Step Toward Large‐Scale Module Production

et al. 2019

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“…Polymer based solar cells are an attractive type of solar cells that can be ecological, cheap, and flexible [156,157], but having a smaller power conversion efficiency (PCE) than other solar cell types [158][159][160]. La Notte et al used doped four-layer CVD graphene (on glass) as an ITO alternative in an inverted polymer solar cell with a common PEDOT:PSS layer to allow typical solution processing.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

Mustonen

Mackenzie

Lipsanen

2020

Front. Optoelectron.

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Graphene is a two-dimensional material showing excellent properties for utilization in transparent electrodes; it has low sheet resistance, high optical transmission and is flexible. Whereas the most common transparent electrode material, tin-doped indium-oxide (ITO) is brittle, less transparent and expensive, which limit its compatibility in flexible electronics as well as in low-cost devices. Here we review two large-area fabrication methods for graphene based transparent electrodes for industry: liquid exfoliation and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We discuss the basic methodologies behind the technologies with an emphasis on optical and electrical properties of recent results. State-of-the-art methods for liquid exfoliation have as a figure of merit an electrical and optical conductivity ratio of 43:5, slightly over the minimum required for industry of 35, while CVD reaches as high as 419.

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“…However, all these polymers are complex in terms of chemical structure, meaning that their chemical synthesis remains difficult with multiple synthesis steps with relatively low synthesis yields. [ 14 ] As a consequence, such polymers are costly, which is not consistent with the ultimate goal of OPV to produce a low‐cost printed solar photovoltaic technology. In 2018, Sun et al [ 15 ] designed a promising novel and simple structure for an electron donating conjugated copolymer: poly[(thiophene)‐alt‐(6,7‐difluoro‐2‐(2‐hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline] (PTQ10; Figure ), reporting a maximum PCE of 12.7% with the NFA called IDIC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balanced Charge Transport Optimizes Industry‐Relevant Ternary Polymer Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on a novel combination of materials are fabricated using industry‐compliant conditions for large area manufacturing. The relatively low‐cost polymer PTQ10 is paired with the nonfullerene acceptor 4TIC‐4F. Devices are processed using a nonhalogenated solvent to comply with industrial usage in absence of any thermal treatment to minimize the energy footprint of the fabrication. No solvent additive is used. Adding the well‐known and low‐cost fullerene derivative PC61BM acceptor to this binary blend to form a ternary blend, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is improved from 8.4% to 9.9% due to increased fill factor (FF) and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) while simultaneously improving the stability. The introduction of PC61BM is able to balance the hole–electron mobility in the ternary blends, which is favourable for high FF. This charge transport behavior is correlated with the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology deduced from grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface energy analysis. In addition, the industrial figure of merit (i‐FOM) of this ternary blend is found to increase drastically upon addition of PC61BM due to an increased performance–stability–cost balance.

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Current status, challenges and future outlook of high performance polymer semiconductors for organic photovoltaics modules

Cited by 40 publications

References 104 publications

ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules Based on Fluorinated Polymers Deposited from Non‐Halogenated Solution: A Major Step Toward Large‐Scale Module Production

ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules Based on Fluorinated Polymers Deposited from Non‐Halogenated Solution: A Major Step Toward Large‐Scale Module Production

Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

Balanced Charge Transport Optimizes Industry‐Relevant Ternary Polymer Solar Cells

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