Current situation of scrub typhus in South Korea from 2001–2013

Lee, Hyeong-Woo; Cho, Pyo Yun; Moon, Sung-Ung; Na, Byoung-Kuk; Kang, Younhee; Sohn, Youngjoo; Youn, Seung-Ki; Hong, Young-Joo; Kim, Tong-Soo

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0858-6

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…During the period of 2006-2014, the temporal distribution of reported scrub typhus cases followed a bimodal seasonal pattern characterized by two yearly peaks observed between July and October, which is similar to that observed in Japan but different from that of Korea. 4,14 This seasonal trend was previous thought to be attributed to the abundance of different species of chiggers or rodents as well as more outdoor activities in warmer seasons. 15 Our study extends current knowledge with regard to the seasonal pattern of scrub typhus in China in that the summer peak seems to be linked to geographical differences between the northern and southern provinces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 The clinical manifestations of scrub typhus can range from unapparent or atypical febrile illness to life-threatening symptoms including acute hearing loss and multiple organ failure. 5,6 It is estimated that there are currently more than 1 billion people living in scrub typhus endemic areas, and the incidence has begun to increase over the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Increase in Scrub Typhus Incidence in Mainland China, 2006–2014

Wu¹,

Qian²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Scrub typhus is a vector-borne disease, which has recently reemerged in China. In this study, we describe the distribution and incidence of scrub typhus cases in China from 2006 to 2014 and quantify differences in scrub typhus cases with respect to sex, age, and occupation. The results of our study indicate that the annual incidence of scrub typhus has increased during the study period. The number of cases peaked in 2014, which was 12.8 times greater than the number of cases reported in 2006. Most (77.97%) of the cases were reported in five provinces (Guangdong, Yunnan, Anhui, Fujian, and Shandong). Our study also demonstrates that the incidence rate of scrub typhus was significantly higher in females compared to males (P < 0.001) and was highest in the 60-69 year age group, and that farmers had a higher incidence rate than nonfarmers (P < 0.001). Different seasonal trends were identified in the number of reported cases between the northern and southern provinces of China. These findings not only demonstrate that China has experienced a large increase in scrub typhus incidence, but also document an expansion in the geographic distribution throughout the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Increase in Scrub Typhus Incidence in Mainland China, 2006–2014

Wu¹,

Qian²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The median GCS score was 11 (range [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and 66 (31%) patients had a GCS score of 8 or lower. Ninety three (44%) patients had neck stiffness.…”

Section: Examination Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tropical regions, malaria and bacterial meningitis are common. Scrub typhus is being increasingly reported from the Tsutsugamushi triangle [3][4][5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cost-Effective Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Infectious Encephalitis

Misra

Mani²,

Kalita³

2016

Eur Neurol

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Setting: A tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Objective: To report a syndromic approach to acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and propose a cost-effective model. Study design: AES patients were categorized by the presence or absence of myalgia/rash into systemic and neurological AES. The patients with systemic AES were investigated for dengue, scrub typhus, leptospira, chikungunya, and malaria, and those with neurological AES were investigated for herpes and Japanese encephalitis (JE). Sensitivity and specificity of syndromic categorization were tested, and cost effectiveness was calculated. Results: There were 210 patients with infectious AES; neurological in 45 and systemic in 165. Specific etiology could be found in 130 (62%) patients, and after excluding 36 patients with co-infections, 94 patients were tested for sensitivity and specificity. Twenty patients had neurological AES (herpes 12, JE 8), and 74 systemic (scrub typhus 42, dengue 20, malaria 6, leptospira 6). The absence of myalgia/rash categorized neurological AES with 100% specificity. In neurological AES, thalamic involvement predicted JE with 100% specificity. In systemic AES, differentiation could not be made between etiologies based on hypotension, thrombocytopenia, and muscle, liver, and kidney dysfunction. In these patients, MRI and acyclovir therapy were warranted, saving cost. By targeted investigations and treatment, the cost was reduced by 70%. Conclusions: A syndromic approach to AES and goal-directed investigations and treatment substantially reduces the cost of management.

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“…In South Korea, areas in which SFTS and scrub typhus are endemic overlap ( 4 , 5 ). Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi , which are bacteria transmitted to humans by chigger mite bites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%