Current Research Approaches to Target Biofilm Infections.

E, van Tilburg Bernardes; Lewenza, Shawn; Reckseidler-Zenteno, Shauna L.

doi:10.14304/surya.jpr.v3n6.5

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Since biofilms are more antibiotic tolerant than planktonic cells, new treatments are needed that can both reduce biofilm and increase antibiotic susceptibility (24). Peg-adhered PAO1 biofilms were cultivated in the absence or presence of our lead antibiofilm compounds for 24 h and then challenged with a panel of 5 There was a marginal effect on surviving bacterial counts from biofilms treated with antibiofilm compounds alone, with a maximum 1-log decrease in CFU per peg (Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharide-Repressing Small Molecules with Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bernardes

Charron-Mazenod

Reading

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Biofilm formation is a universal virulence strategy in which bacteria grow in dense microbial communities enmeshed within a polymeric extracellular matrix that protects them from antibiotic exposure and the immune system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an archetypal biofilm-forming organism that utilizes a biofilm growth strategy to cause chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms is comprised mainly of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and DNA. Both mucoid and nonmucoid isolates of P. aeruginosa produce the Pel and Psl EPS, each of which have important roles in antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and immune evasion. Given the central importance of the EPS for biofilms, they are attractive targets for novel anti-infective compounds. In this study, we used a high-throughput gene expression screen to identify compounds that repress expression of the pel genes. The pel repressors demonstrated antibiofilm activity against microplate and flow chamber biofilms formed by wild-type and hyperbiofilm-forming strains. To determine the potential role of EPS in virulence, pel/psl mutants were shown to have reduced virulence in feeding behavior and slow killing virulence assays in Caenorhabditis elegans. The antibiofilm molecules also reduced P. aeruginosa PAO1 virulence in the nematode slow killing model. Importantly, the combination of antibiotics and antibiofilm compounds increased killing of P. aeruginosa biofilms. These small molecules represent a novel anti-infective strategy for the possible treatment of chronic P. aeruginosa infections.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharide-Repressing Small Molecules with Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bernardes

Charron-Mazenod

Reading

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Approaches developed and optimized for the inactivation of planktonic (free-living) microbes by physical, chemical, and biological approaches can often have limited efficacy for the removal and inactivation of microbes in the biofilms. This limited efficacy results from several factors in a biofilm including the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of a biofilm. − EPS provide protection to the microbes in a biofilm by concentrating nutrients, preventing access of disinfectant agents, sequestering metals and toxins, and preventing desiccation. In addition, the presence of multiple layers of microbes and in many cases multiple species of microbes further enhance the resistance of biofilms to physical and chemical disinfectants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased Sanitizer Delivery System for Improved Sanitation of Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms

Huang¹,

Dou²,

Nitin³

2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Biofilms can persist in food-processing environments because of their relatively higher tolerance and resistance to antimicrobials including sanitizers. In this study, a novel biobased sanitizer composition was developed to effectively target biofilms and deliver chlorine-based sanitizers to inactivate bacterial and fungal biofilms. The biobased composition was developed by encapsulating a chlorine-binding polymer in a biobased yeast cell wall particle (YCWP) microcarrier. This study demonstrates the high affinity of biobased compositions to bind target bacterial and fungal cells and inactivate 5 logs of model pathogenic bacteria and fungi in wash water without and with high organic load (chemical oxygen demand = 2000 mg/L) in 30 s and 5 min, respectively. For the sanitation of biofilms, this biobased sanitizer can inactivate 7 logs of pathogenic bacteria and 3 logs of fungi after 1 h treatment, whereas the 1 h treatment using conventional chlorine-based sanitizer can only achieve 2–3 log reduction for bacterial biofilms and 1–2 log reduction for fungal biofilms, respectively. The enhanced antimicrobial activity can be attributed to three factors: (a) localized high concentration of chlorine bound on the YCWPs; (b) high affinity of YCWPs to bind diverse microbes; and (c) improved stability in an organic-rich aqueous environment. In summary, these unique attributes of biobased carriers will significantly enhance the sanitation efficacy of biofilms, reduce the persistence and transmission of antimicrobial resistant microbes, limit the use of antimicrobial chemicals, and improve the cost-effectiveness of sanitizers.

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“…Antibiotic or antifungal therapy alone often fails to eradicate biofilms. To date, there are no identified drugs directed to treat BAI [109]. In addition, the uncontrolled and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of MDR bacteria [110].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Impact of Biofilms on Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021

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This study sought to assess the prevalence and impact of biofilms on two commonly biofilm-related infections, bloodstream and urinary tract infections (BSI and UTI). Separated systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were carried out in PubMed and Web of Sciences databases from January 2005 to May 2020, following PRISMA protocols. Studies were selected according to specific and defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The obtained outcomes were grouped into biofilm production (BFP) prevalence, BFP in resistant vs. susceptible strains, persistent vs. non-persistent BSI, survivor vs. non-survivor patients with BSI, and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) vs. non-CAUTI. Single-arm and two-arm analyses were conducted for data analysis. In vitro BFP in BSI was highly related to resistant strains (odds ratio-OR: 2.68; 95% confidence intervals-CI: 1.60–4.47; p < 0.01), especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. BFP was also highly linked to BSI persistence (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.28–5.48; p < 0.01) and even to mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53–2.74; p < 0.01). Candida spp. was the microorganism group where the highest associations were observed. Biofilms seem to impact Candida BSI independently from clinical differences, including treatment interventions. Regarding UTI, multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli, were linked to a great BFP prevalence (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.30–6.54; p < 0.01 and OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.33–5.86; p < 0.01). More in vitro BFP was shown in CAUTI compared to non-CAUTI, but with less statistical confidence (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.67–10.17; p < 0.17). This study highlights that biofilms must be recognized as a BSI and UTI resistance factor as well as a BSI virulence factor.

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Current Research Approaches to Target Biofilm Infections.

Cited by 19 publications

References 87 publications

Exopolysaccharide-Repressing Small Molecules with Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Exopolysaccharide-Repressing Small Molecules with Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biobased Sanitizer Delivery System for Improved Sanitation of Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms

Prevalence and Impact of Biofilms on Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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