Current electroanalytical approaches in the carbamates and dithiocarbamates determination

Almeida, Elis Marina Fonseca; Souza, Djenaine De

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135900

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, food and environmental monitoring requires the development of specific methods not compatible with multi-residue ones commonly used for the routine quantification of many plant protection product residues [41]. In humans, prolonged or chronic exposition to DTCs, occurring by dermal contact, inhalation and ingestion, can lead to functional changes in the nervous and hepatobiliary systems, hormonal and reproductive disorders, immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity [2]. Regular contact can induce dermatitis, sensitisation, inflammation in the eyes and respiratory tract and skin allergy in occupational workers [2,21].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Dithiocarbamate Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For DTCs, their toxicity is primarily related to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibition; indeed, some DTCs present a similar structure to this enzyme of the nervous system, which normally hydrolyses acetylcholine to acetic acid and choline, leading to the cessation of neurotransmitter signalling [39]. Carbamates bind to acetylcholine, reversibly inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine levels, increasing neurotransmitter signalling [2,50].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Dtcs and Their Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, prolonged or chronic exposition to DTCs, occurring by dermal contact, inhalation and ingestion, can lead to functional changes in the nervous and hepatobiliary systems, hormonal and reproductive disorders, immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity [2]. Regular contact can induce dermatitis, sensitisation, inflammation in the eyes and respiratory tract and skin allergy in occupational workers [2,21]. Some studies have shown that populations worldwide are exposed to DTCs; the analyses were performed by measuring the concentration of ETU in the urine.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Dtcs and Their Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in HPLC-MS or GC-MS analyses, cleaning and extracting analytes become essential to eliminate all interferences in food and environmental matrices. Since environmental and food samples can contain many components with different properties, the matrix s complexity will affect the chromatographic techniques robustness [2].…”

Section: Spe Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dithiocarbamates: Properties, Methodological Approaches and Challenges to Their Control

Campanale,

Triozzi,

Ragonese

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are a group of chemicals used primarily as fungicides, although they are exploited for various other applications. DTCs represent one of the oldest classes of broad-spectrum fungicides employed worldwide to control fungal diseases on many crops. Due to their ease of synthesis, low production costs (cheap and readily available starting materials) and a fungicidal activity with a multi-site mode of action, they are still among modern agriculture’s most extensively used pesticides. Although the environmental degradation in air, water, and soil is relatively rapid due to photolysis and/or hydrolysis, they are among the most frequently detected pesticides in the European Union (EU), also with a high frequency of maximum residue level (MRL) exceedances. The current review aims to comprehensively survey all aspects of DTCs, including the environmental fate, toxicity and analytical methods for determining parental compounds and degradation products in environmental and food samples. Furthermore, the accumulation of carbamate and dithiocarbamate pesticides in vegetables, fruits, bioindicator organisms and human biological samples, as well as their health effects on humans, are also considered in this study.

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Section: Analytical Methods For Dithiocarbamate Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Of Dtcs and Their Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%