Current concepts in the immunology of leprosy

Rea, T. H.

doi:10.1001/archderm.113.3.345

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Clinically, it is characterized by “upgrading” of the clinical picture towards the tuberculoid pole, including a reduction in bacillary load. Immunologically, it is characterized by the development of strong skin test reactivity as well as lymphocyte responsiveness and a predominant Th1 response [54, 55]. RR episodes have been associated with the infiltration of IFN- γ and TNF-secreting CD4 + lymphocytes in skin lesions and nerves, resulting in edema and painful inflammation [56, 57].…”

Section: Immunology Of Leprosy Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: An Overview of Pathophysiology

Bhat

Chaitra

2012

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

143

132

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Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that has a predilection for the skin and nerves. The disease is clinically characterized by one or more of the three cardinal signs: hypopigmented or erythematous skin patches with definite loss of sensation, thickened peripheral nerves, and acid-fast bacilli detected on skin smears or biopsy material. M. leprae primarily infects Schwann cells in the peripheral nerves leading to nerve damage and the development of disabilities. Despite reduced prevalence of M. leprae infection in the endemic countries following implementation of multidrug therapy (MDT) program by WHO to treat leprosy, new case detection rates are still high-indicating active transmission. The susceptibility to the mycobacteria and the clinical course of the disease are attributed to the host immune response, which heralds the review of immunopathology of this complex disease.

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Section: Immunology Of Leprosy Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: An Overview of Pathophysiology

Bhat

Chaitra

2012

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

143

132

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“…Clinically, it is characterized by ‘upgrading’ of the clinical picture towards the tuberculoid pole, including a reduction in bacillary load. Immunologically, it is characterized by the development of strong skin test reactivity as well as lymphocyte responsiveness and a predominant Th1 response [88,89]. RR episodes have been associated with the infiltration of IFN-γ and TNF-secreting CD4 + lymphocytes in skin lesions and nerves, resulting in edema and painful inflammation [90,91].…”

Section: Immunology Of Reactional Episodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium Leprae –Host-Cell Interactions and Genetic Determinants in Leprosy: an Overview

et al. 2011

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Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae in which susceptibility to the mycobacteria and its clinical manifestations are attributed to the host immune response. Even though leprosy prevalence has decreased dramatically, the high number of new cases indicates active transmission. Owing to its singular features, M. leprae infection is an attractive model for investigating the regulation of human immune responses to pathogen-induced disease. Leprosy is one of the most common causes of nontraumatic peripheral neuropathy worldwide. The proportion of patients with disabilities is affected by the type of leprosy and delay in diagnosis. This article briefly reviews the clinical features as well as the immunopathological mechanisms related to the establishment of the different polar forms of leprosy, the mechanisms related to M. leprae-host cell interactions and prophylaxis and diagnosis of this complex disease. Host genetic factors are summarized and the impact of the development of interventions that prevent, reverse or limit leprosy-related nerve impairments are discussed.

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High incidence of IgG class of Epstein-Barr virus capsid antibody in Indian patients of lepromatous leprosy

Saha

Sehgal

Sharma

1982

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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Low levels of Epstein-Barr virus capsid (EBVC) antibody of the IgG class were detected in the sera of 19 of 23 (82.6%) lepromatous leprosy patients and six of 38 (16%) healthy controls. In contrast, heterophile antibody was found in only six of 43 (14%) lepromatous patients and three of 41 (7%) normal subjects. Overlap of the two types of antibody occurred only in one normal serum. It is inferred that the presence of EBVC antibody against an unbiquitous virus in lepromatous patients who often suffer from impairment of cell-mediated immunity might be due to past infection leading to persistence of the virus in their lymphoid cells and subsequent production of specific anti-viral antibody. Further, the striking finding of low incidence and titre of EBVC antibody in the normal Indian adults is consistent with the rarity of EB virus-associated disease, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and infectious mononucleosis in India.

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Current concepts in the immunology of leprosy

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Leprosy: An Overview of Pathophysiology

Leprosy: An Overview of Pathophysiology

Mycobacterium Leprae –Host-Cell Interactions and Genetic Determinants in Leprosy: an Overview

High incidence of IgG class of Epstein-Barr virus capsid antibody in Indian patients of lepromatous leprosy

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