Current comorbidity among consecutive adolescent psychiatric outpatients with DSM-IV mood disorders

Karlsson, Linnéa; Pelkonen, Mirjami; Ruuttu, Titta; Kiviruusu, Olli; Heilä, Hannele; Holi, Matti; Kettunen, Kirsi; Tuisku, Virpi; Tuulio‐Henriksson, Annamari; Törrönen, Johanna; Marttunen, Mauri

doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0526-7

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Only current diagnoses were included for the analyses presented in this article. Comorbidity between any disorder categories (e.g., mood disorder and anxiety disorder) or individual diagnoses (e.g., MDD and general anxiety disorder) and multiple comorbidity were assessed [Karlsson et al, 2006]. All the research diagnoses were confirmed in a diagnostic meeting.…”

Section: Diagnostic Interview and Definitions Of Diagnostic Groups Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DD was defined as preexisting DY with a duration of at least 1 year prior to the onset of a superimposed MDD. The category of minor depression comprised subjects with DSM-IV diagnoses of depression not otherwise specified (NOS; n 5 17) and adjustment disorder with depressed mood [n 5 2; Karlsson et al, 2006]. The diagnoses of Axis II disorders also followed DSM-IV guidelines, so that persistent and systematic pattern of behavior and emotional response had to be present prior to the onset of depressive episode [American Psychiatric Association, 1994].…”

Section: Diagnostic Interview and Definitions Of Diagnostic Groups Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in the clinical characteristics of adolescent depressive disorders

et al. 2007

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Our objective was to analyze differences in clinical characteristics and comorbidity between different types of adolescent depressive disorders. A sample of 218 consecutive adolescent (ages 13-19 years) psychiatric outpatients with depressive disorders was interviewed for DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II diagnoses. We obtained data by interviewing the adolescents themselves and collecting additional background information from the clinical records. Lifetime age of onset for depression, current episode duration, frequency of suicidal behavior, psychosocial impairment, and the number of current comorbid psychiatric disorders varied between adolescent depressive disorder categories. The type of co-occurring disorder was mainly consistent across depressive disorders. Minor depression and dysthymia (DY) presented as milder depressions, whereas bipolar depression (BPD) and double depression [DD; i.e., DY with superimposed major depressive disorder (MDD)] appeared as especially severe conditions. Only earlier lifetime onset distinguished recurrent MDD from first-episode MDD, and newly emergent MDD appeared to be as impairing as recurrent MDD. Adolescent depressive disorder categories differ in many clinically relevant aspects, with most differences reflecting a continuum of depression severity. Identification of bipolarity and the subgroup with DD seems especially warranted. First episode MDD should be considered as severe a disorder as recurring MDD.

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Section: Diagnostic Interview and Definitions Of Diagnostic Groups Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Interview and Definitions Of Diagnostic Groups Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the clinical characteristics of adolescent depressive disorders

et al. 2007

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“…However, the mechanisms through which anxiety disorders impact psychosocial outcomes are unknown. Recent studies have documented similarity in psychosocial impairments experienced by adolescents with anxiety, MDD, and SUD (Angold et al 1999; Essau, 2003, 2008; Karlsson et al, 2006; Nottelmann and Jensen, 1999). Studies have also identified significant overlap in the risk factors for anxiety and MDD such as being female and stressful life events (Essau et al, 2000; Lewinsohn et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety disorders in adolescents and psychosocial outcomes at age 30

Essau

Lewinsohn

Olaya

et al. 2014

Journal of Affective Disorders

254

178

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Background Anxiety disorders are associated with adverse psychosocial functioning, and are predictive of a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Objective The present study examined the associations between anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence and psychosocial outcomes at age 30, and sought to address the extent to which psychopathology after age 19 mediated these relations. Method Eight hundred and sixteen participants from a large community sample were interviewed twice during adolescence, at age 24, and at age 30. They completed self-report measures of psychosocial functioning and semi-structured diagnostic interviews during adolescence and young adulthood. Results Childhood anxiety only predicted less years of completed education at age 30, whereas adolescent anxiety predicted income, unemployment, maladjustment, poor coping skills, more chronic stress and life events. Adult major depressive disorder (MDD) was the only disorder predicted by childhood anxiety, whereas adolescent anxiety predicted MDD, substance (SUD) and alcohol abuse/dependence (AUD) in adulthood. No adult psychopathology mediated the relationship between childhood anxiety disorders and psychosocial outcomes at age 30. Adult MDD, SUD and AUD partially or completely mediated the association between adolescent anxiety and most domains of psychosocial functioning at age 30. Limitations The participants are ethically and geographically homogenous, and changes in the diagnostic criteria and the interview schedules across the assessment periods. Conclusion Adolescent anxiety, compared to childhood anxiety, is associated with more adverse psychosocial outcomes at age 30. Adolescent anxiety affects negative outcomes at age 30 directly and through MDD, SUD and AUD.

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“…First, depressive symptoms rarely occur in isolation. Over 70% of adolescents with a depressive disorder have an additional Axis I disorder (Karlsson et al, 2006), with depression showing pronounced co-occurrence with a broad range of clinical disorders and subthreshold symptoms (Essau, Conradt, & Petermann, 1999; Karlsson et al; Sanford, Szatmari, Spinner, & Munroe-Blum, 1995; Wittchen, Stein, & Kessler, 1999). Comorbidity might produce spurious associations between depression and romantic experiences, as their relation might be more precisely accounted for by symptoms of a co-occurring disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Love Hurts (in More Ways Than One): Specificity of Psychological Symptoms as Predictors and Consequences of Romantic Activity Among Early Adolescent Girls

Starr

Stroud

et al. 2012

J Clin Psychol

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Objective Research has linked adolescent romantic and sexual activities to depressive symptoms. The current study examines whether such activities are uniquely linked to depressive symptoms versus symptoms of other disorders (including anxiety, externalizing, and eating disorders), and whether co-occurring symptoms more precisely account for the association between depressive symptoms and romantic involvement. Method Early adolescent girls (N = 83; mean age = 13.45) participated in baseline and 1-year follow up data collection. Results Romantic (i.e., dating and sexual) activities were longitudinally related to numerous types of symptoms. The association between depressive symptoms and romantic variables remained when considering co-occurring symptoms. Girls with more comorbid disorders reported more romantic activities. Conclusions Results suggest that the maladaptive consequences and precipitants of adolescent romantic activities extend beyond depression, but also imply that this association is not secondary to comorbid symptoms. Future work should clarify causal pathways.

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Current comorbidity among consecutive adolescent psychiatric outpatients with DSM-IV mood disorders

Abstract: Adolescent depression presents with age- and sex-dependent patterns of multiple co-occurring problem areas. While many clinical characteristics of adolescent depression are not affected by comorbidity, comorbidity associates with increased impairment.

Cited by 55 publications

References 55 publications

Differences in the clinical characteristics of adolescent depressive disorders

Differences in the clinical characteristics of adolescent depressive disorders

Anxiety disorders in adolescents and psychosocial outcomes at age 30

Love Hurts (in More Ways Than One): Specificity of Psychological Symptoms as Predictors and Consequences of Romantic Activity Among Early Adolescent Girls

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