Current advances in phytoremediation and biochemical composition of Arthrospira ( Spirulina ) grown in aquaculture wastewater

Abstract

Inadequate wastewater management can cause negative impacts on the ecosystem, becoming an obstacle to aquaculture growth. New technologies have been developed to reduce the nutrient load in aquaculture wastewater involving microalgae as phytoremediation agents. In addition to reducing the nutrient load of water bodies, the microalgae‐based phytoremediation can also generate high‐added value biomass. Arthrospira (Spirulina) is a little‐explored genus as a phytoremediation agent for aquaculture wastewater, representing about 30% of the biomass produced in the world that is known for its high concentration of proteins, carotenoids and phycocyanin. Using the aquaculture wastewater is an important strategy to reduce the production costs, obtain high‐added value biomolecules and mitigate the effects of wastewater on the aquatic ecosystem. However, there are few reports of Arthrospira sp. as a remediation agent for aquaculture wastewater that assesses the biochemical composition. This manuscript aimed to review the cellular mechanisms of phytoremediation and the biochemical composition of Arthrospira currently described when grown in aquaculture wastewater.

Proximate Analysis and Hedonic Test on Dried Noodle with The Addition of Spirulina platensis Microalgae as A High Protein Food

“…This is due to the fact that Spirulina platensis has more protein than wheat flour. Protein content in Spirulina platensis varies between 55 and 70% (Cardoso et al, 2022). Wheat flour has 8.9% protein, according to the Directorate of Nutrition of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia ( 2005).…”

“…In 100 grams of components, there are 0.9 grams of fat in wheat flour. Moreover, Spirulina platensis contains between 3 and 5% fat (Cardoso et al, 2022). You may thus be certain that dry noodles with Spirulina platensis have a low-fat level.…”

Effects of Temperature, pH, and NaCl Concentration on Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Synechocystis salina

“…Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that have been gaining relevance as a potential biotechnological resource due to the window of opportunity associated with environmental-related uses, e.g., bioremediation, CO 2 mitigation, or even bioenergy production (biodiesel or hydrogen), with them also serving as feed for aquaculture purposes [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition, they are recognized as a potential source of high-value bioproducts, including bioactive compounds [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”