Curcumin Nanocrystals: Production, Physicochemical Assessment, and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects against Bacterial Loading of the Implant Fixture

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to prepare and study physicochemical properties as well as the antibacterial action of curcumin nanocrystals inside the implant fixture against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Methods: Curcumin nanocrystals were prepared via precipitation combined with the spray drying method. The produced curcumin nanocrystals were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, the in vitro antimicrobial effect of curcumin nanocrystals inside the implant fixture was assessed against E. coli, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. All implant-abutment assemblies were immersed in bacterial suspensions and were incubated at 24, 48, and 72 h. The contents of each implant were cultured to count the colony of bacteria at 37 °C for 24 h. Results: The prepared curcumin nanocrystals with a mean particle size of 95 nm and spherical morphology exhibited a removal rate of 99.99% for all bacteria. In addition, the colony-forming unit (CFU) of bacteria in exposure to nanocrystals significantly was reduced (p < 0.010) by increasing the time. Conclusions: Curcumin nanocrystals can be used inside the implant fixture as an antimicrobial agent in order to more stabilization of the implant.

Preparation, Physicochemical Assessment and the Antimicrobial Action of Hydroxyapatite–Gelatin/Curcumin Nanofibrous Composites as a Dental Biomaterial

“…Nanomaterials apply their antibacterial actions on bacteria by several mechanisms [ 46 , 47 ]. Based on the reports, the physicochemical possessions of nanoparticles are actually vital in their antimicrobial properties [ 48 ].…”

“…The interaction between the membrane and nanomaterials also leads to local pores in the membrane and harms the bacteria due to the passing of nanoparticles into the bacteria and the interaction of bacteria‘s proteins with DNA [ 52 ]. Some nanomaterials are also able to mix with the bacterial cell wall to release their antimicrobial material into the cytoplasm [ 46 , 53 ]. Antimicrobial nanofibers can also pass through the bacteria pores due to their very small diameter and can then disrupt the bacteria’s different functions [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Antimicrobial Potential of Curcumin: Therapeutic Potential and Challenges to Clinical Applications

“…Nanocrystals designed for curcumin delivery that ranged in size from 2 to 40 nm resulted in curcumin having better water diffusion. Due to the high bioavailability of the curcumin-loaded nanocrystals, which can be attributed to their reduced particle size, significant antimicrobial activity was observed [129]. Another study revealed that curcumin-loaded nanocrystals improved curcumin cellular uptake and bioavailability against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus, displaying their antimicrobial potential [130].…”

The Medium Composition Impacts Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Antibiotics Applied in the Treatment of Bone Infections

“…The final stage of biofilm development is a dissociation of bacterial cells from the biofilm structure, followed by bacterial dispersion to the adjacent locations [ 19 ]. The high ability of staphylococci to form a biofilm and to resist antibiotic activity is the reason of ongoing search for new counter-measures, including application of nano-silver [ 20 ] or plant-based products [ 21 ], to name just a few of them. Nevertheless, until the new approaches are introduced, the routine therapy of bone infections involves invasive surgical procedures and prolonged antibiotic therapy.…”