2021
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11161-5
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Abstract: Background Agriculture is a major economic sector in Indonesia. Chemical pesticides are widely being used in agriculture for controlling pest. There is a growing concern that pesticide exposure, particularly chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure, combined with other occupational characteristics that determine the level of exposure, can lead to further health impacts for farmers. Our objective was to evaluate the cumulative exposure characteristics among farmers exposed to CPF by using a validated algorit… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…This repeated usage could lead to (micro)cracking or tears that would compromise the functionality of the glove and shorten its lifespan. A recent study conducted by Liem et al 11 on agricultural worker's exposure to pesticides in Central Java, Indonesia, found cases of workers who use chemical-resistant gloves often continue using the same pair of gloves even they are damaged. Furthermore, it was also found that workers from other industries such as in the cleaning sector and waste disposal continue to use damaged gloves as they are often not replaced in the event of minor tears 12 – 16 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This repeated usage could lead to (micro)cracking or tears that would compromise the functionality of the glove and shorten its lifespan. A recent study conducted by Liem et al 11 on agricultural worker's exposure to pesticides in Central Java, Indonesia, found cases of workers who use chemical-resistant gloves often continue using the same pair of gloves even they are damaged. Furthermore, it was also found that workers from other industries such as in the cleaning sector and waste disposal continue to use damaged gloves as they are often not replaced in the event of minor tears 12 – 16 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The farmers in this study seemed to have had a long history of pesticide use, as they had spent most of their lives in the profession of farming and their agricultural practices had been applied over many years. This finding explains why the high CEL group in our study was characterized by a low frequency of PPE utilization and poor work practices [ 17 ], and had higher TCPy levels. Urinary TCPy levels were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers; a similar pattern was found in previous research [ 36 , 37 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…Farmers, particularly those in the small-scale sector, with limited knowledge of proper pesticide handling practices may not be aware that they are susceptible to the health impacts of CPF exposure [ 17 ]. Deleterious effects of pesticides are not determined solely by genetic susceptibility; therefore, exposure control through comprehensive preventive measures (i.e., providing proper knowledge of the potential health impacts of pesticide exposure and training on pesticide handling and utilization of proper PPE) must be considered.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…32,33 The workers might have chosen PPE out of discomfort associated with hot and humid weather caused by tropical conditions. 34 Interestingly, several studies have documented farm workers' improper use of PPE, 32,[34][35][36][37][38] but other unsafe behaviors, such as reusing, disposing of, washing, and storing pesticide containers, have only been observed in developing countries. 32,35,38 As mentioned earlier, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) interventions have been widely recognized as effective interventions to improve safe pesticide use for decades.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%