Culture, social networks and HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men in Indonesia

Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Merry, Maria Silvia; Sigilipoe, Mitra Andhini; Putra, Sukma; Mwanri, Lillian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178736

Cited by 41 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…In line with the previous findings reported elsewhere ( Fajans et al, 1994 ; Fauk, Mery, Sigilipoe, Putra, & Mwanri, 2017 ; Ford et al, 2002 ; Hounton et al, 2005 ; Voeten et al, 2002 ; Volk & Koopman, 2001 ; Wulfert et al, 1996 ), the current study depicts a positive relationship between barriers, including feeling uncomfortable while using condoms, decreased sexual pleasure, low satisfaction and sexual sensation, unavailability of condoms immediately before the use, and inconsistent or lack of condom use among participants. Factors such as high prices of condoms, not knowing the places to access or buy condoms, feeling ashamed or uncomfortable to access or buy condoms, as well as unawareness of the existence of condoms and their protective functions were also barriers to condom use or safe sex behaviors reported among the clients of FCSWs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Perceptions of Determinants of Condom Use Behaviors Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Indonesia: A Qualitative Inquiry

Fauk¹,

Kustanti²,

Liana

et al. 2018

Am J Mens Health

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This study aimed to explore perceived determinants of condom use behaviors among male clients of female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) in Belu and Malaka districts, Indonesia. One-on-one in-depth interviews guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM) were used to collect the data from participants (n = 42). The Framework analysis for qualitative data was employed to analyze the data. Results demonstrated several factors associated with lack of and inconsistent condom use among the participants. They included self-perceived risk of contracting HIV infection, knowledge of the severity of HIV illness and its impacts, and condom use: its benefits and its influencing factors. Additionally, factors including reduced sexual pleasure and the lack of knowledge of how and where to access condoms were important perceived barriers to condom use among participants. Having seen images of HIV-/AIDS-positive people, knowing friends and relatives suffering from HIV, and knowing FCSWs as a high-risk group for HIV infection were the cues to using condoms among several participants. Likewise, self-efficacy was also associated with condom use behaviors among the participants. The findings indicate the needs for HIV/AIDS interventions that include dissemination of HIV/AIDS knowledge, condom promotion, and improvement in the availability of condoms for both FCSWs and their clients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Perceptions of Determinants of Condom Use Behaviors Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Indonesia: A Qualitative Inquiry

Fauk¹,

Kustanti²,

Liana

et al. 2018

Am J Mens Health

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“…Future studies should aim to improve the ability to deliver messages that are tailored, appropriate and acceptable to specific risk groups, especially in a setting such as Indonesia where sex outside marriage is heavily stigmatised and where sex between males is still illegal and considered a serious offence. 40,41 While this study clearly showed the feasibility of implementing an SMS intervention to deliver health messages to a cohort of young people in Indonesia, the recruitment locations and the face-to-face recruitment approach limited the total potential reach of the study and resulted in recruiting a more highly educated and lower risk profile than other nationally representative samples. 42,43 The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey reported that almost 10% of unmarried women aged 15-24 years with no education have had sexual intercourse, which is higher than those who finished primary and higher education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A quasi-experimental text messaging trial to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health and smoking knowledge in Indonesia

et al. 2020

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Background To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a text message intervention to improve young people’s knowledge of sexual reproductive health (SRH) and harms related to smoking in Indonesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental short message service (SMS) trial of young people aged 16–24 years receiving twice weekly SMS over a 10-week intervention period. Pre- and post-online demographic and risk behaviour surveys were used to assess changes in knowledge. Among respondents who completed both surveys, we assessed changes in knowledge before and after SMS intervention using paired McNemar’s test and differences in mean knowledge score using a paired t-test. Results: In total, 555 eligible young people were enrolled into the SMS intervention; 235 (42%) completed a follow-up survey, of which 198 (84%) were matched to a baseline survey. Median age of participants was 19 years and the majority were female (63%). The mean knowledge score significantly increased between baseline and follow-up surveys for SRH questions [2.7, (95% CI 2.47, 2.94) vs 3.4 (95% CI 2.99, 3.81) (P = <0.01)] and smoking-related questions [3.8 (95% CI 3.66, 3.99) vs 4.1 (95% CI 3.99, 4.28) (P = 0.03)]. A majority of participants reported that the SMS intervention increased their knowledge (95%) and were a useful reminder (95%). Conclusions: An SMS intervention was feasible, acceptable and improved adolescents’ SRH knowledge and smoking knowledge in a low- to middle-income setting. SMS interventions targeting young people need to be scaled up, with the potential to explore additional topics around healthy lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity.

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“…The qualitative data analysis framework by Ritchie and Spencer [ 28 , 29 ] was employed to analyse the data. This framework offereda systematic approach to manage the data and provided coherence and structure of analysis [ 30 – 32 ]. The data analysis followed five steps including: Familiarisation with the data through reading transcripts line by line repeatedly, breaking data into several chunks and commenting or labelling the data; Identifying key issues, concepts and themes in a coding frame and developing a coding scheme; Indexing the entire data by creating open coding where similar and redundant codes were identified and the list made smaller and manageable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to HIV testing among male clients of female sex workers in Indonesia

Fauk

Sukmawati

Berek

et al. 2018

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundFrequent engagement of men in sexual encounters with female sex workers (FSWs) without using condoms places them at a high risk for HIV infection. HIV testing has been noted to be among important strategies to prevent HIV transmission and acquisition. However, it is known that not all men willingly undertake an HIV test as a way to prevent HIV transmission and/or acquisition. This study aimed to identify barriers to accessing HIV testing services among men who are clients of FSWs (clients) in Belu and Malaka districts, Indonesia.MethodsA qualitative inquiry employing face to face open ended interviews was conducted from January to April 2017. The participants (n = 42) were clients of FSWs recruited using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed using a qualitative data analysis framework.ResultsFindings indicated three main barriers of accessing HIV testing services by clients. These included: (1) personal barriers (lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and HIV testing availability, and unwillingness to undergo HIV testing due to low self-perceived risk of HIV and fear of the test result); (2) health care service provision barriers (lack of trust in health professionals and limited availability of medication including antiretroviral (ARV)); and (3) social barriers (stigma and discrimination, and the lack of social supports).ConclusionsThese findings indicated multilevelled barriers to accessing HIV testing services among participants, who are known to be among key population groups in HIV care. Actions to improve HIV/AIDS-related health services accessibility are required. The dissemination of the knowledge and information on HIV/AIDS and improved available of HIV/AIDS-related services are necessary actions to improve the personal levelled barriers. System wide barriers will need improved practices and health policies to provide patients friendly and accessible services. The societal levelled barriers will need a more broad societal approach including raising awareness in the community and enhanced discussions about HIV/AIDS issues in order to normalise HIV in the society.

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Culture, social networks and HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men in Indonesia

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Perceptions of Determinants of Condom Use Behaviors Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Indonesia: A Qualitative Inquiry

Perceptions of Determinants of Condom Use Behaviors Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Indonesia: A Qualitative Inquiry

A quasi-experimental text messaging trial to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health and smoking knowledge in Indonesia

Barriers to HIV testing among male clients of female sex workers in Indonesia

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