2009
DOI: 10.1037/a0016399
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Abstract: We propose that culture affects people through their perceptions of what is consensually believed.Whereas past research has examined whether cultural differences in social judgment are mediated by differences in individuals' personal values and beliefs, we investigate whether they are mediated by differences in individuals' perceptions of the views of people around them. We propose that individuals who perceive that traditional views are culturally consensual (e.g.,Chinese participants who believe that most of… Show more

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Cited by 307 publications
(377 citation statements)
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References 121 publications
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“…In fact, Zou et al (2009) show that behavioral measures are predicted more by perceived situational norms than by self-beliefs about the self. When the situational constraints or prescriptive rules of the situation force the person to act in a way that is consistent with certain cultural practices, these constrained behaviors might be far less likely to cause any permanent changes in the brain that are caused by spontaneous, voluntary behaviors.…”
Section: Individual Differences In Neural Versus Behavioral Responsesmentioning
confidence: 88%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In fact, Zou et al (2009) show that behavioral measures are predicted more by perceived situational norms than by self-beliefs about the self. When the situational constraints or prescriptive rules of the situation force the person to act in a way that is consistent with certain cultural practices, these constrained behaviors might be far less likely to cause any permanent changes in the brain that are caused by spontaneous, voluntary behaviors.…”
Section: Individual Differences In Neural Versus Behavioral Responsesmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…The above discussion should not be taken to imply that individuals always act as dictated by their culture. To the contrary, behaviors are extremely flexible and can be finely regulated by situational norms and relevant concerns (e.g., Zou et al 2009). Culturally shaped activation patterns of the brain, however, would enable the person to perform culturally scripted behaviors (for example, Òto be uniqueÓ or Òto be argumentativeÓ) when these very behaviors are called for by the specific situation at issue so that the person can enact the required behaviors both automatically and seamlessly (Box 5).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides, recent studies show that although in general both Westerners and Easterners share the same need to be unique and to satisfy individual goals, they act differently with varying default strategies programmed by their national cultures (Hashimoto et al 2011). Those culturally bound strategies make them act based on what they think others would think and do (Hashimoto et al 2011;Zou et al 2009). To Koreans, Bwhat people thinkŵ ould be more important and could possibly relate to their higher level of sensitivity to frustration because they are not able to satisfy their individual unique needs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fischer et al (2009) found that perceived I-C norm predicted a significant amount of variance in individuals' social behavior over and above the constructs tapping a personal I-C orientation, which suggests that normative forces play additional, important roles in predicting social behaviors. Accordingly, Zou et al (2009) found that perceived cultural norms play unique roles in explaining cultural differences in compliance, after controlling for the effects of individuals' personal cultural orientation.…”
Section: Culture Differences In I-c Between Us and Chinamentioning
confidence: 95%
“…In addition to the self-construal model, researchers have also proposed the model of subjective cultural norms to explain the underlying mechanisms of cultural differences in I-Crelated phenomena (Bond, 2013;Fischer, Ferreira, Assmar, Redford, Harb, Glazer et al, 2009;Wan, Chiu, Tam, Lee, Lau, & Peng, 2007;Zou, Tam, Morris, Lee, Lau, & Chiu, 2009). According to this model, individuals accumulate knowledge while functioning in a social system, so that they become able to represent that culture's norms (e.g., values, beliefs, life practices) that are widely shared among cultural members, and use these perceived cultural norms to guide their decisions and behavior (Bond, 2013;Wan et al, 2007;Zou et al, 2009). Fischer et al (2009) found that perceived I-C norm predicted a significant amount of variance in individuals' social behavior over and above the constructs tapping a personal I-C orientation, which suggests that normative forces play additional, important roles in predicting social behaviors.…”
Section: Culture Differences In I-c Between Us and Chinamentioning
confidence: 99%