Culture and Sensitivity Patterns of Various Antibiotics Used for the Treatment of Pediatric Infectious Diarrhea in Children under 5 Years of Age: A Tertiary Care Experience from Karachi

Abstract

Background and objective: Infectious diarrhea is one of the most common infections and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age. Frequent and irrational use of antibiotics has resulted in increased bacterial resistance. The aim of our study was to determine the culture and sensitivity patterns of antibiotics used for the treatment of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted for a period of six months in the children of ages ranging between 6 months and 5 years. Stool samples were obtained from the patients presented with signs and symptoms of diarrhea in OPD or being referred to microbiology department for stool C/S (culture and sensitivity). Data were analyzed on SPSS version 19.0. Results: A total number of 325 stool samples were collected, out of which 152 samples were positive for pathogens. The most common pathogen isolated was E. coli 92 (60%), followed by Klebsiella 56 (37%) and Salmonella 4 (3%). All 152 isolates were highly resistant to majority of the standard antibiotics. Conclusion: Infectious diarrhea is highly prevalent among children under 5 years of age. E. coli was found to be the most frequent pathogen isolated in stool samples of the patients presenting with diarrhea and was highly resistant to many of the commonly used standard antibiotics in our clinical set up. Male children were predominantly affected by infectious diarrhea as compared to female children. Therefore, injudicious use of antibiotics should be stopped as well as should not be prescribed empirically for the treatment of all cases of pediatric diarrhea.

Prospect of microbial food borne diseases in Pakistan: a review

“…Food from street side shops and vendors were heavily contaminated (70%). Middle-and upper-class restaurants also indicated a high rate (40%) of microbial contamination (Quraishi et al, 2018).…”

Evaluation of In Vitro Synergistic Interactions of Tetracycline with Alkaloid-Related Compounds against Diarrheagenic Bacterial Pathogens

“…The most common pathogens that cause diarrhea are parasites, viruses, and bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholerae) [4]. Oral rehydration and antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and tetracycline) are commonly used as therapy for diarrheal infections [5]. However, the extensive use of antibiotics disrupts the normal balance of the gut microbiota which protects against infectious diarrhea [6][7][8].…”

Evaluation of In Vitro Synergistic Effects of Tetracycline with Alkaloid-Related Compounds against Diarrhoeic Bacteria

“…However, another bacterial pathogen such as Enterococcus faecalis may be a causative agent of diarrhoea, especially in elderly and immunocompromised patients [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Oral rehydration therapy is the mainstay of treatment for diarrhoea, including illnesses for which antibiotics are indicated, such as cholera and shigellosis [ 8 , 9 ]. For example, ciprofloxacin is a drug of choice for the treatment of Shigella dysentery [ 10 ] and doxycycline is the first-line treatment for Vibrio cholerae infection [ 11 ].…”