Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events.

Morris, Michael W.; Peng, Kaiping

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.949

Cited by 1,205 publications

(995 citation statements)

References 153 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

928

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although there has not been research on cultural influences on self-serving biases in the context of negotiation, there is increasing evidence that self-serving biases are attenuated in Japan in other domains, such as attributions and evaluations of performance (e.g., Al-Zahrani & Kaplowitz, 1993;Hamilton, Blumenfeld, Akoh, & Miura, 1990;Heine, Takata, & Lehman, 2000;Heine et al, 2001;Hess, Chang, & McDevitt, 1987;Fry & Ghosh, 1980;Kashima & Triandis, 1986;Morris & Peng, 1994;Nurmi, 1992;Yan & Gaier, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and egocentric perceptions of fairness in conflict and negotiation.

Gelfand¹,

Higgins²,

Nishii³

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Psychology

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article, the authors advanced a cultural view of judgment biases in conflict and negotiation. The authors predicted that disputants' self-serving biases of fairness would be more prevalent in individualistic cultures, such as the United States, in which the self is served by focusing on one's positive attributes to "stand out" and be better than others, yet would be attenuated in collectivistic cultures, such as Japan, where the self is served by focusing on one's negative characteristics to "blend in" (S. J. Heine, D. R. Lehman, H. R. Markus, & S. Kitayama, 1999). Four studies that used different methodologies (free recall, scenarios, and a laboratory experiment) supported this notion. Implications for the science and practice of negotiation are discussed. University of Maryland Fumio Murakami and Susumu Yamaguchi University of Tokyo Midori Toyama Osaka UniversityCulture and Egocentric Perceptions of Fairness in Conflict and Negotiation 2 AbstractIn this article, the authors advanced a cultural view of judgment biases in conflict and negotiation. The

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and egocentric perceptions of fairness in conflict and negotiation.

Gelfand¹,

Higgins²,

Nishii³

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Psychology

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cross-cultural research provides another illustration of how cognitive style may impact SPT propensity. Morris and Peng (1994), showed that Asians have developed a cognitive tendency to focus on the field or the situation as a whole (i.e., holistic style) to a greater extent than European-Americans who focus more on the actors within a situation (i.e., dispositional style). Because these two examples confound gender or culture with cognitive style, it is not clear whether these differences in SPT propensity are the result of differences in cognitive style.…”

Section: A New Perspective On Perspective Taking 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Perspective on Perspective Taking: A Multidimensional Approach to Conceptualizing an Aptitude

Gehlbach

2004

Educational Psychology Review

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social perspective taking (SPT) is thought to be important in its own right and is often associated with other important skills, such as interpersonal conflict resolution.Thus, it is critical for researchers to systematically understand SPT and how it relates to other valued educational outcomes. In particular, a complete understanding of SPT might assist educational psychologists to apply this knowledge in school settings to improve the effectiveness of students' social interactions. Previous research on SPT, however, has conceptualized it as a unidimensional construct leaving scholars with an insufficient understanding of this aptitude. To best understand SPT, a multidimensional approach should include assessments of personal characteristics (including the propensity and the ability to engage in SPT) and features of the situation (including features of the SPT task and the larger context). Using Snow's conceptualization of aptitudes as a framework, this article illustrates the problems with treating SPT as a unidimensional construct, defines SPT as a complex aptitude, and provides a taxonomy to develop our understanding of SPT and to guide future research in this area. The taxonomy organizes and reviews the existing literature that relates personal and situational characteristics to SPT aptitude. Where research has not yet been conducted, this article hypothesizes how these characteristics will relate to SPT aptitude.

show abstract

“…For example, one of the "fundamental" judgment errors observed in Western cultures is the tendency to overestimate the role of inner dispositions while underestimating the contextual determinants of others' behavior (Ross, 1977). Such errors are less widespread in collectivist cultures, such as China or India, where the individual's inner dispositions draw less attention than in the West (e.g., J. G. Miller, 1984;Morris & Peng, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms.

Suh¹,

Diener

Oishi

et al. 1998

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

1,037

746

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relative importance of emotions versus normative beliefs for life satisfaction judgments was compared among individualist and collectivist nations in 2 large sets of international data (in total, 61 nations, N = 62,446). Among nations, emotions and life satisfaction correlated significantly more strongly in more individualistic nations (r = .52 in Study 1; r = .48 in Study 2). At the individual level, emotions were far superior predictors of life satisfaction to norms (social approval of life satisfaction) in individualist cultures, whereas norms and emotions were equally strong predictors of life satisfaction in collectivist cultures. The present findings have implications for future studies on cultural notions of well-being, the functional value of emotional experiences, and individual differences in life satisfaction profiles.Across the world, is the "good life" attained mostly by doing what a person would like to do or by doing what a person thinks he or she should do? More broadly, are internal processes, such as attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and the like, or external pro-

show abstract

Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events.

Abstract: Psychological Approaches Perceptual Mechanisms Early approaches to causal attribution were based on the Gestalt theory principle that important abstract forms are per

Cited by 1,205 publications

References 153 publications

Culture and egocentric perceptions of fairness in conflict and negotiation.

Culture and egocentric perceptions of fairness in conflict and negotiation.

A New Perspective on Perspective Taking: A Multidimensional Approach to Conceptualizing an Aptitude

The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About