Cultural problems of ageing especially regarding gender and intergenerational equity

How images of old age vary with age: an exploratory study among the Portuguese population

“…The data does not totally agree with that obtained in other countries, which is justified in view of the fact that, if biological aging is universal, social aging is a construct. 50 The main limitations of this study are that: the sample is not representative of the Portuguese population; the scale used in the data collection uses the words 'old' and 'old age' which, in general, have a more negative connotation than 'elderly' (at least in Portugal), and probably the use of this latter word might have led to other results. In terms of perspectives for future research, it would be interesting to: analyze a representative sample of the population; discover the differences of the images of aging in men and women; and make longitudinal studies which would allow us to analyze the evolution of the social images of old age and aging.…”

How images of old age vary with age: an exploratory study among the Portuguese population

“…The data does not totally agree with that obtained in other countries, which is justified in view of the fact that, if biological aging is universal, social aging is a construct. 50 The main limitations of this study are that: the sample is not representative of the Portuguese population; the scale used in the data collection uses the words 'old' and 'old age' which, in general, have a more negative connotation than 'elderly' (at least in Portugal), and probably the use of this latter word might have led to other results. In terms of perspectives for future research, it would be interesting to: analyze a representative sample of the population; discover the differences of the images of aging in men and women; and make longitudinal studies which would allow us to analyze the evolution of the social images of old age and aging.…”

Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine and risk of hyperuricaemia in adult females in Qingdao

“…Male mortality was greater than female mortality during famine; thus, the survived males might be healthier than females. Furthermore, because of biological differences between males and females, such as differences in coping with stressful life events or differences in social protection, females are experiencing more stress during life and their health appears to be more influenced by early-life conditions than male health (36)(37)(38)(39) .…”

Widowhood and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

“…This both supports the hypothesis put forth earlier in this paper and suggests that future meta-analyses should strive to include the results from both early and recent studies in order to evaluate the impact of societal trends. The role of marriage in networks of interpersonal ties has shifted over time (Henrard 1996; Manzoli et al 2007), and multiple facets of this shift may be reflected in the time trend of increasing HRs. In previous decades widowed men almost always remarried.…”

How images of old age vary with age: an exploratory study among the Portuguese population

“…The data does not totally agree with that obtained in other countries, which is justified in view of the fact that, if biological aging is universal, social aging is a construct. 50 The main limitations of this study are that: the sample is not representative of the Portuguese population; the scale used in the data collection uses the words 'old' and 'old age' which, in general, have a more negative connotation than 'elderly' (at least in Portugal), and probably the use of this latter word might have led to other results. In terms of perspectives for future research, it would be interesting to: analyze a representative sample of the population; discover the differences of the images of aging in men and women; and make longitudinal studies which would allow us to analyze the evolution of the social images of old age and aging.…”

Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine and risk of hyperuricaemia in adult females in Qingdao

“…Male mortality was greater than female mortality during famine; thus, the survived males might be healthier than females. Furthermore, because of biological differences between males and females, such as differences in coping with stressful life events or differences in social protection, females are experiencing more stress during life and their health appears to be more influenced by early-life conditions than male health (36)(37)(38)(39) .…”

Widowhood and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

“…This both supports the hypothesis put forth earlier in this paper and suggests that future meta-analyses should strive to include the results from both early and recent studies in order to evaluate the impact of societal trends. The role of marriage in networks of interpersonal ties has shifted over time (Henrard 1996; Manzoli et al 2007), and multiple facets of this shift may be reflected in the time trend of increasing HRs. In previous decades widowed men almost always remarried.…”

How images of old age vary with age: an exploratory study among the Portuguese population

“…The data does not totally agree with that obtained in other countries, which is justified in view of the fact that, if biological aging is universal, social aging is a construct. 50 The main limitations of this study are that: the sample is not representative of the Portuguese population; the scale used in the data collection uses the words 'old' and 'old age' which, in general, have a more negative connotation than 'elderly' (at least in Portugal), and probably the use of this latter word might have led to other results. In terms of perspectives for future research, it would be interesting to: analyze a representative sample of the population; discover the differences of the images of aging in men and women; and make longitudinal studies which would allow us to analyze the evolution of the social images of old age and aging.…”

Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine and risk of hyperuricaemia in adult females in Qingdao

“…Male mortality was greater than female mortality during famine; thus, the survived males might be healthier than females. Furthermore, because of biological differences between males and females, such as differences in coping with stressful life events or differences in social protection, females are experiencing more stress during life and their health appears to be more influenced by early-life conditions than male health (36)(37)(38)(39) .…”

Widowhood and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

“…This both supports the hypothesis put forth earlier in this paper and suggests that future meta-analyses should strive to include the results from both early and recent studies in order to evaluate the impact of societal trends. The role of marriage in networks of interpersonal ties has shifted over time (Henrard 1996; Manzoli et al 2007), and multiple facets of this shift may be reflected in the time trend of increasing HRs. In previous decades widowed men almost always remarried.…”