“…Each region has its own manuscript heritage, reflecting its cultural and historical richness (Kieven, 2014). Some areas are known for their manuscript collections, such as Yogyakarta (Nugraha & Laugu, 2021;Widodo & Purwantoro, 2019), Bali (Fakhriati et al, 2022;Wicaksana & Wicaksandita, 2023), Sumatra (Nalan et al, 2023;Ottoman & Rochmiatun, 2020), and East Java (Pradana & Setyadi, 2019;Sulaiman & Bastian, 2019). These manuscripts are written in various languages, including Javanese (Setyanto, 2016), Balinese (Sutramiani et al, 2015), Sanskrit, and others.…”