“…Basic developmental processes, like infants' prosocial understanding of others' needs and their emerging motor and social abilities, join forces with their empathic concern (Hepach, et al, 2012), and affiliative processes (Cirelli, Einarson, & Trainor, 2014;Over & Carpenter, 2009) in the emergence of early helping behavior. These basic developments are, from early on, complemented by social learning processes (Dahl, 2015;Schuhmacher, Köster, & Kärtner, 2018) and culture-specific socialization experiences (Kärtner, 2018;Köster, Schuhmacher, & Kärtner, 2015;Köster, Cavalcante, Carvalho, Resende, & Kärtner, 2016). Thus, while infants' prosocial understanding may contribute to their helping behavior, infants may help out of different (or a blend of different) intentions and motives in different situations.…”