Cultural Heritage in Marker-Less Augmented Reality: A Survey

Abstract

Augmented reality (AR) is considered as one of the most significant technologies in the field of computer graphics and is utilised in many applications. In this chapter, we have presented a brief comprehensive survey of cultural heritage using augmented reality systems. This survey describes the main objectives and characteristics of marker-less augmented reality systems through presenting up-to-date research results in this area. We describe the marker-less technologies in the area of AR, indoor marker-less AR, outdoor marker-less AR, real-time solutions to the tracking problem, real-time registration, cultural heritage in AR, 3D remonstration techniques, as well as presenting the problems in each research.

Usability Testing of Mobile Augmented Applications for Cultural Heritage – A Systematic Literature Review

“…Another survey presented the cultural heritage in markerless AR [21]. The authors classify the AR techniques in two main categories: vision-based AR and location-based AR.…”

Augmented Turin Baroque Atria: Ar Experiences for Enhancing Cultural Heritage

“…In our opinion both research are a valid methodological reference to achieve, through more strictly technical issues, that we refer to the following sections of this paper, results and applications that favor and support guided tourist experiences through the implementation of itineraries and visiting routes, linked the application of the AR on specific elements of a widespread heritage that provides anchorage mechanisms that do not rely on the use of markers. The first work, conducted by a research group coordinated by Hoshang Kolivand (Kolivand et al, 2018) constitutes a census, conducted exhaustively, on the main objectives and characteristics of AR marker-less technologies through the presentation of the most advanced results in this specific field of application. In parallel to the technical application issues are developed arguments on the cultural content of the application of the AR for the visualization of Cultural Heritage, both to assist scholars in their research and to communicate cultural heritage in education and in tourist experiences, also showing interesting and encouraging data on the results of research in the field that saw the administration of questionnaires on usability and user satisfaction.…”

Augmented Reality for Historic Storytelling and Preserving Artifacts in Pakistan

“…In general, indoor applications are widely used to enhance the exhibition experience as most of the museums use this latest technology for virtual tour guidance or historical storytelling. Outdoor applications are mostly used for reconstruction of historical sites that have been demolished or damaged by natural disasters and overlay it with the real world [9].…”

“…This is a very useful home edutainment system [15]. Marker-less application recognizes graphically a generic image or a portion of it, after which the tracking system can identify and set orientation [9]. The virtual museum of Pompeii discussed earlier is an example of a marker-less system where you can visualize the virtual characters interacting with the real environment into real space.…”

“…Augmented reality is a concept that integrates 3D virtual objects into a real-time environment. In other words, augmented reality can be defined as the interactivity of humans with virtual objects that are located in the real environment to help the user in executing a task in a physical setting [9]. AR is one of the important forms of MR (mixed reality), in which real and virtual objects are combined and showed in a single display at the same time and location.…”