Cuing and stimulus probability effects on the P3 and the AB

Martens, Sander; Elmallah, Kariem; London, Raquel; Johnson, Addie

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.01.001

Cited by 51 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Various hypotheses provide conflicting predictions on the relationship between task difficulty and the P3, in that if the target is harder to detect, the amplitude of the P3 should (a) increase (Martens, Elmallah, et al, 2006), (b) remain equal (Kranczioch et al, 2007;Shapiro et al, 2006), or (c) decrease (Kok, 2001). The second experiment does not find a modulation of T1 processing by T2 presented during the AB, thus, our data are in contrast with previously published findings (Kranczioch et al, 2007;Martens, Elmallah, et al, 2006;Shapiro et al, 2006). We evaluate the findings from our Experiment 2 and then discuss the discrepancy between our data and the previous experimental findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resource sharing hypothesis was formulated in response to a number of findings derived from EEG (Kranczioch et al, 2007;Martens, Elmallah, London, & Johnson, 2006) and MEG (Shapiro et al, 2006) experiments investigating the AB. These authors base their argument on the assumption that the size of the P3 component evoked by a target in RSVP reflects the amount of resources invested into processing this target.…”

Section: The P3 Component As a Measure Of Resource Allocation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Attentional Blink Reveals Serial Working Memory Encoding: Evidence from Virtual and Human Event-related Potentials

Craston

Wyble

Chennu

et al. 2009

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract& Observers often miss a second target (T2) if it follows an identified first target item (T1) within half a second in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), a finding termed the attentional blink. If two targets are presented in immediate succession, however, accuracy is excellent (Lag 1 sparing). The resource sharing hypothesis proposes a dynamic distribution of resources over a time span of up to 600 msec during the attentional blink. In contrast, the ST 2 model argues that working memory encoding is serial during the attentional blink and that, due to joint consolidation, Lag 1 is the only case where resources are shared. Experiment 1 investigates the P3 ERP component evoked by targets in RSVP. The results suggest that, in this context, P3 amplitude is an indication of bottom-up strength rather than a measure of cognitive resource allocation. Experiment 2, employing a two-target paradigm, suggests that T1 consolidation is not affected by the presentation of T2 during the attentional blink. However, if targets are presented in immediate succession (Lag 1 sparing), they are jointly encoded into working memory. We use the ST 2 model's neural network implementation, which replicates a range of behavioral results related to the attentional blink, to generate ''virtual ERPs'' by summing across activation traces. We compare virtual to human ERPs and show how the results suggest a serial nature of working memory encoding as implied by the ST 2 model. &

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The P3 Component As a Measure Of Resource Allocation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Attentional Blink Reveals Serial Working Memory Encoding: Evidence from Virtual and Human Event-related Potentials

Craston

Wyble

Chennu

et al. 2009

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The P3 event-related potential component has been frequently viewed as an electrophysiological correlate of WM encoding (Polich, 2007;Vogel, Luck, & Shapiro, 1998). Studies have consistently found that P3 amplitude is reduced or even absent altogether on trials where T2 is reported incorrectly or not at all (Craston, Wyble, Chennu, & Bowman, 2009;Kranczioch, Debener, & Engel, 2003;Kranczioch, et al, 2007;Martens, Elmallah, London, & Johnson, 2006;Pincham & Szucs, 2012;Robitaille, Jolicoeur, Dell'Acqua, & Sessa, 2007;Vogel, et al, 1998). More importantly, the timing of the P3 component has been taken to be the temporal profile of the AB deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experiential blink: Mapping the cost of working memory encoding onto conscious perception in the attentional blink

Pincham

Bowman

Szűcs

2016

Cortex

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The attentional blink (AB) represents a cognitive deficit in reporting the second of two targets (T2), when that second target appears 200-600msec after the first (T1). However, it is unclear how this paradigm impacts the subjective visibility (that is, the conscious perception) of T2, and whether the temporal profile of T2 report accuracy matches the temporal profile of subjective visibility. In order to compare report accuracy and subjective visibility, we asked participants to identify T1 and T2, and to rate the subjective visibility of T2 across two experiments. Event-related potentials were also measured. The results revealed different profiles for the report of T2 versus the subjective visibility of T2, particularly when T1 and T2 appeared within 200msec of one another. Specifically, T2 report accuracy was high but T2 visibility was low when the two targets appeared in close temporal succession, suggesting what we call the Experiential Blink is different from the classic AB. Electrophysiologically, at lag-1, the P3 component was modulated more by subjective visibility than by report accuracy. Collectively, the data indicate that the deficit in accurately reporting T2 is not the same as the deficit in subjectively experiencing T2. This suggests that traditional understandings of the AB may require adjustment and that, consistent with other findings, working memory encoding and conscious perception may not be synonymous.

show abstract

“…The AB has been shown to be related to temporal constraints in updating the contents of WM (see, e.g., Luck et al 1996;Martens et al 2002Martens et al , 2006a. In addition, compared to blinkers, non-blinkers have been found to show increased prefrontal activity, specifically in areas that have been associated with WM and processes of target selection (Feinstein et al 2004;Martens et al 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory capacity, intelligence, and the magnitude of the attentional blink revisited

Martens

Johnson

2008

Exp Brain Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The attentional blink (AB) is a well-established phenomenon in the study of attention. This deficit in reporting the second of two targets presented in rapid serial visual presentation when it occurs 200-500 ms after the first is considered to reflect a fundamental limitation in attentional processing. However, we recently reported that some individuals do not show an AB, and presented psychophysiological evidence that target processing differs between blinkers and non-blinkers. One possibility is that non-blinkers may have a larger WM capacity, allowing better attentional control. Here we explore the relation between the magnitude of the AB, general intelligence, and different measures of working memory (WM) and shortterm memory (STM) capacity. Surprisingly, no correlation was found between memory capacity measures and AB magnitude, raising doubts about the generalizability of earlier findings of such a relationship.

show abstract

Cuing and stimulus probability effects on the P3 and the AB

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

The Attentional Blink Reveals Serial Working Memory Encoding: Evidence from Virtual and Human Event-related Potentials

The Attentional Blink Reveals Serial Working Memory Encoding: Evidence from Virtual and Human Event-related Potentials

The experiential blink: Mapping the cost of working memory encoding onto conscious perception in the attentional blink

Working memory capacity, intelligence, and the magnitude of the attentional blink revisited

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About