CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Isolates of Escherichia coli from a Hospital in Algiers, Algeria

Abstract

Sixteen strains of Escherichia coli isolated between January and June 2005 in a hospital in Algiers carry the ISEcp1 element and the TEM and either CTX-M-3 (n ‫؍‬ 3) or CTX-M-15 (n ‫؍‬ 13) ␤-lactamases. Fourteen of the isolates are multidrug resistant. Five isolates from the neonatal ward were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.CTX-M-type enzymes are the extended-spectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBL) most commonly produced by Enterobacteriaceae (4), and more than 55 CTX-M-type ␤-lactamases have been described (http://www.lahey.org/studies/webt.htm). Despite the prevalence of ESBL in Enterobacteriaceae, data from Algeria are scarce (although the prevalence has been reported to be 20 to 45%) (18). We investigated the phenotypic and ge-

382 CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in the intensive care unit of Tlemcen Hospital, Algeria

“…The presence of ESBL bacteria in the ICU of Tlemcen Hospital may be related to the fact that cefotaxime is the first-line treatment; in fact, the heavy use of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone is considered a factor supporting the emergence of CTX-M enzymes [11]. CTX-M-15 with CTX-M-3 enzymes have been reported as prevalent ESBLs in the east [12] and centre [6,13,14] of Algeria, while only CTX-M-15 was found in our isolates. The fact is that CTX-M enzymes have recently and sharply accumulated in Enterobacteriaceae [1].…”

Emergence and risk factors of β-lactamase–mediated resistance to oxyimino-β-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae isolates

“…Clonality suggests that a microepidemic clone emerged in this hospital in 2006, in both pathogens, and disappeared in 2008, revealing the first description of CTX-M-3 in Portugal, an enzyme initially reported in 1995 in Citrobacter freundii and in E. coli isolates from Poland (Gniadkowski et al, 1998). Other outbreaks associated with Gram-negative isolates producing CTX-M-3 have been described all over the world (Dutour et al, 2002;Empel et al, 2008;Literacka et al, 2009;Moriguchi et al, 2007;Ramdani-Bouguessa et al, 2006;Yan et al, 2000).…”

Community-Associated Escherichia coli Harboring CTX-M β-Lactamases from Urine Cultures from Pediatric Patients

“…These 7 children all did well. However, the unfavorable international experience with invasive pediatric ESBL-positive enterobacterial infections, including neonatal meningitis and bacteremia (2,9), urges heightened vigilance and provision of appropriately targeted antimicrobial therapy, now that virulent-appearing, ESBLproducing E. coli strains are present among community-dwelling pediatric patients in the United States.…”