Crystallization Behaviors of Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) in the Presence of Liquid Crystalline Polymer

Abstract

The crystallization behaviors and morphology of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) in the presence of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) Vectra RD501 have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). It was found that the LCP in PEN/LCP blends accelerates the crystallization rate of PEN at both higher and low crystallization temperatures, which indicates that LCP acts as both nucleating agent and nucleation promoter for PEN crystallization. The crystallization of PEN was effectively improved with increasing LCP content up to 1 wt %, and then tended to level off with increasing LCP. The Avrami exponent n changed from 2.0-2.7 for pure PEN to <2 for PEN in the presence of LCP, which indicated that the nucleation mechanism of PEN crystallization was changed. The size of the PEN spherulitic crystals became smaller in the presence of LCP, but WAXD has shown that there is no change in the crystal modifications of PEN.

Morphological Study and Dielectric Behavior of Nonisothermally Crystallized Poly(ethylene naphthalate) Nanocomposites as a Function of Graphene Content

“…For PEN there is a nonextensive research on this topic compared to PET. However, there have been reported some substances that serve as heterogeneous nuclei and they initiate primary nucleation of PEN, or chemical nucleating agents, but all of them at higher contents to 0.1 wt% [23][24][25][26]. There have been a series of studies on the morphology, crystallization, and properties of PENcarbon nanotubes composites.…”

Morphological Study and Dielectric Behavior of Nonisothermally Crystallized Poly(ethylene naphthalate) Nanocomposites as a Function of Graphene Content

“…For PEN there is a nonextensive research on this topic compared to PET. However, there have been reported some substances that serve as heterogeneous nuclei and they initiate primary nucleation of PEN, or chemical nucleating agents, but all of them at higher contents to 0.1 wt% [23][24][25][26]. There have been a series of studies on the morphology, crystallization, and properties of PENcarbon nanotubes composites.…”

Investigation of Polymer Aging Mechanisms Using Molecular Simulations: A Review

“…Aging is related to external environmental factors, as well as internal chemical composition, internal structure, and molecular weight distribution [59][60][61][62]; the aging process involves complex physical and chemical changes. Figure 2 shows an overview of the aging mechanisms used in the current aging simulation research: under the influence of stress, heat, oxygen, water, electricity, high-energy particle impact, radiation and additives, physical aging, diffusion (such as jump diffusion), chemical reactions, and other behaviors that occur inside the materials.…”

Thermodynamic Properties and Crystal Structures of the Adductive 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid Crystallization with N,N-Dimethyl Acetamide and N-Methyl Pyrrolidone

“…Although there is a huge demand of PEN every year all over the world, the PEN output is subject to the inefficient production of 2,6-NDA. 1 NDA is typically produced by the liquid-phase, metalcatalyzed oxidation of dialkylnaphthalene. 2,3 The crude NDA product always has residual catalyst metals and organic impurities formed during the oxidation process, including trimellitic acid, bromo-2,6-NDA, 2-formyl-6-naphthoic acid, 2naphthoic acid, and so on.…”

Morphological Study and Dielectric Behavior of Nonisothermally Crystallized Poly(ethylene naphthalate) Nanocomposites as a Function of Graphene Content

“…For PEN there is a nonextensive research on this topic compared to PET. However, there have been reported some substances that serve as heterogeneous nuclei and they initiate primary nucleation of PEN, or chemical nucleating agents, but all of them at higher contents to 0.1 wt% [23][24][25][26]. There have been a series of studies on the morphology, crystallization, and properties of PENcarbon nanotubes composites.…”

Investigation of Polymer Aging Mechanisms Using Molecular Simulations: A Review

“…Aging is related to external environmental factors, as well as internal chemical composition, internal structure, and molecular weight distribution [59][60][61][62]; the aging process involves complex physical and chemical changes. Figure 2 shows an overview of the aging mechanisms used in the current aging simulation research: under the influence of stress, heat, oxygen, water, electricity, high-energy particle impact, radiation and additives, physical aging, diffusion (such as jump diffusion), chemical reactions, and other behaviors that occur inside the materials.…”

Thermodynamic Properties and Crystal Structures of the Adductive 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid Crystallization with N,N-Dimethyl Acetamide and N-Methyl Pyrrolidone

“…Although there is a huge demand of PEN every year all over the world, the PEN output is subject to the inefficient production of 2,6-NDA. 1 NDA is typically produced by the liquid-phase, metalcatalyzed oxidation of dialkylnaphthalene. 2,3 The crude NDA product always has residual catalyst metals and organic impurities formed during the oxidation process, including trimellitic acid, bromo-2,6-NDA, 2-formyl-6-naphthoic acid, 2naphthoic acid, and so on.…”

Morphological Study and Dielectric Behavior of Nonisothermally Crystallized Poly(ethylene naphthalate) Nanocomposites as a Function of Graphene Content

“…For PEN there is a nonextensive research on this topic compared to PET. However, there have been reported some substances that serve as heterogeneous nuclei and they initiate primary nucleation of PEN, or chemical nucleating agents, but all of them at higher contents to 0.1 wt% [23][24][25][26]. There have been a series of studies on the morphology, crystallization, and properties of PENcarbon nanotubes composites.…”

Investigation of Polymer Aging Mechanisms Using Molecular Simulations: A Review

“…Aging is related to external environmental factors, as well as internal chemical composition, internal structure, and molecular weight distribution [59][60][61][62]; the aging process involves complex physical and chemical changes. Figure 2 shows an overview of the aging mechanisms used in the current aging simulation research: under the influence of stress, heat, oxygen, water, electricity, high-energy particle impact, radiation and additives, physical aging, diffusion (such as jump diffusion), chemical reactions, and other behaviors that occur inside the materials.…”

Thermodynamic Properties and Crystal Structures of the Adductive 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid Crystallization with N,N-Dimethyl Acetamide and N-Methyl Pyrrolidone

“…Although there is a huge demand of PEN every year all over the world, the PEN output is subject to the inefficient production of 2,6-NDA. 1 NDA is typically produced by the liquid-phase, metalcatalyzed oxidation of dialkylnaphthalene. 2,3 The crude NDA product always has residual catalyst metals and organic impurities formed during the oxidation process, including trimellitic acid, bromo-2,6-NDA, 2-formyl-6-naphthoic acid, 2naphthoic acid, and so on.…”