Crystal-To-Crystal Transition oftrans-1,4-Polybutadiene (TPBD)

Yang, Xiaoniu; Cai, Jiali; Kong, Xiangjun; Dong, Weimin; Li, Gao; Zhou, Enle

doi:10.1002/1521-3935(20010401)202:7<1166::aid-macp1166>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…But in recent years, a new interest in PB structure and properties has emerged, particularly concerning crystallinity and polymorphic character [2][3][4][5][6]. PBs are often used in the dynamic stress-strain field and knowledge of thermal and dynamic mechanical properties is essential for the design of these materials.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Glass transition temperatures are higher if compared to those of high cis materials, besides, melting endotherms are wider and multiple. In this respect, polymorphism (capability of a rubber to crystallize in more than one crystallographic form) has been reported for high trans PBs with trans-1,4 isomer content of 90% or more [2]. Therefore, thermograms for these materials typically exhibit two melting endotherms, whereas the first corresponds to a solid-to-solid transition [2,3] from a monoclinic form to a hexagonal form, and the second corresponds to the melting of a hexagonal form.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structure and Properties of Model Polybutadienes - Effect of Microstructure on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber

Rivera

Nájera

Benvenuta‐Tapia

et al. 2005

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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A series of controlled microstructure polybutadiene rubbers (PBs) was synthesized via anionic polymerization. Their structure and properties are analyzed by means of GPC, 13 C NMR, DSC, and DMA, and compared to the behavior of some commercial high cis rubbers. Thermal analyses results indicate the presence of crystalline domains of different nature in PBs with high cis-1,4 and high trans-1,4 isomers content, while rubbers with high content of vinyl-1,2 units do not show evidence of crystals. A shift in T g to higher temperatures as vinyl content increases is observed; an expression was found for predicting T g of rubber from microstructure data.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of Model Polybutadienes - Effect of Microstructure on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber

Rivera

Nájera

Benvenuta‐Tapia

et al. 2005

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…Recently, much attention has been paid to the study of the size‐determined phase transition of TPBD 5–9. In our previous work, detailed investigations on crystal–crystal phase transition induced by the radiation from an electron beam and the effect of size on the phase transition temperature and phase stability were carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small‐angle X‐ray spectroscopy (SAXS), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 9, 10. In this paper, the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization transition kinetics of hexagonal crystal formation from the melt and monoclinic crystal formation from hexagonal crystals was studied by DSC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal and nonisothermal transition kinetics of trans‐1,4‐polybutadiene

Cai

Gao

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Analysis of the isothermal and nonisothermal transitions of hexagonal crystal formation from the melt (transition 1) and of monoclinic crystal formation from hexagonal crystals (transition 2) for trans-1,4-polybutadiene (TPBD) was carefully carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Isothermal transitions 1 and 2 are described by Avrami exponents (n) of Ϸ1, whereas nonisothermal transitions 1 and 2 are described by n Ϸ 4. These different n values indicate that different crystallization mechanisms took place for different crystallization driving forces under isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization. The Ozawa equation was also used to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization data. For transition 1 at lower temperature, the Ozawa equation fits the data well; however, at higher temperature, there is an inflection that shifts to lower crystallinity with increasing temperature. Inflections are also observed with the Ozawa analysis for transition 2. Furthermore, the crystallinities at the turning points are almost in the same range as those determined by Avrami analysis for nonisothermal transitions 1 and 2, which suggests that the Ozawa analysis inflections are due to secondary crystallization. However, TEM revealed no morphology discrepancy between the TPBD hexagonal crystals formed from melt by isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization. The agreement in activation energy (⌬E) values determined by the Arrhenius and Kissinger methods indicates that the Avrami equation can describe the initial stage of transitions 1 and 2 in the nonisothermal transition process quite well. The ⌬E values determined by the Arrhenius and Kissinger methods for transition 1 are 167.4 and 179.2 KJ/mol, respectively, and those for transition 2 are 186.1 and 196.3 KJ/mol; respectively.

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“…Figure shows the XRD patterns of pure and modified polybutadiene. The diffraction peak at 2θ of 19.54° following by a broad peak at 40.9° can be attributed to the crystalline nature of trans‐1,4 units in pure polybutadiene which decrease highly after modification. This difference can be because of the sulfidosilane moieties which prevent regular packing of chain segments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface functionalization of rubber latex nanoparticles with sulfidosilane moieties

Shahzamani

Bagheri

Masoomi

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polybutadiene latex particles were functionalized with bis [3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT) in the presence of zinc oxide as an activator and ethanol as a co-solvent. The success of this reaction was confirmed both by the peaks attributed to Si-O groups at 1085 and 1110 cm 21 and C-S bond at 630 cm 21 which appeared after reaction in Attenuated Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectra and also by increasing in the particle size diameter of latex particles (from 95 to 127 nm) in Dynamic Light Scattering analysis. X-ray Diffraction results also showed changes in crystalline structure of the modified particles (as a strong decrease in the intensity of peak at 2h519.54). The effect of reactant concentration in a constant amount of TESPT (by varying the water and ethanol content), reaction time, activator size (micro and nanoparticles), and pH (7, 8.5) were investigated on degree of grafting (obtained from thermogravimetric analysis and ATR-FTIR spectra), particle size diameter, cross-link density, and swelling ratio of the samples. The amounts of silane grafting and cross-link density of polymer particles were increased by an increase in the reaction time. The highest grafting degree was observed at low concentration of TESPT. Silane functionalization was also improved in a slight basic condition (pH58.5) rather than neutral pH. The grafting reaction took place such as sulfur pre-vulcanization and the possible mechanism of this reaction was discussed.

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Crystal-To-Crystal Transition oftrans-1,4-Polybutadiene (TPBD)

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Structure and Properties of Model Polybutadienes - Effect of Microstructure on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber

Structure and Properties of Model Polybutadienes - Effect of Microstructure on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber

Isothermal and nonisothermal transition kinetics of trans‐1,4‐polybutadiene

Surface functionalization of rubber latex nanoparticles with sulfidosilane moieties

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