Cryptosporidium Pig Genotype II Diagnosed in Pigs From the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

Pigs may represent a source of Cryptosporidium sp. infection to humans. The objective of this study was to identify the Cryptosporidium species present in pigs from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and verify what risks pigs represent in the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis, because there is no such information to date in Brazil. Ninety-one samples of pig feces were collected from 10 piggeries in 2 municipalities located in the north and northwest regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to amplify an 830-bp fragment of the small subunit rDNA (SSU rRNA) gene was followed by sequencing of all positive PCR samples. Two samples (2.2%) were Cryptosporidium sp. positive and were identified as pig genotype type II (PGII). This genotype has been observed in an immunocompetent person, in cattle without pigs nearby, and from a potential human source. Its potential for zoonotic transmission is little known and should be rigorously studied.

Prevalence and Genetic Characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. in Pre-Weaned and Post-Weaned Piglets in Heilongjiang Province, China

“…Besides the factors above, of course, differences in prevalence might be also related to differences in farm management systems. It has been reported that production in an intensive system might cause proliferation and maintenance of pathogens if techniques of handling are inadequate [37]. Therefore, measures should be taken to avoid the cross transmission of Cryptosporidium between different individuals within each farm.…”

Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

“…The main Cryptosporidium species identified in pigs worldwide are C. suis and C. scrofarum (formally pig genotype II), although C. muris, C. tyzzeri and C. parvum have been reported (Ryan et al 2003 a ; Xiao et al 2006; Zintl et al 2007; Johnson et al 2008; Kváč et al 2009 a , 2013 b ; Jeníková et al 2010; Jenkins et al 2010; Sevá et al 2010; Xiao, 2010; Wang et al 2010 b ; Budu-Amoako et al 2011; Chen et al 2011; Farzan et al 2011; Fiuza et al 2011 b ; Yin et al 2011; Němejc et al 2013; Yui et al 2014). As in dairy cattle, there is also an age-associated distribution of C. suis and C. scrofarum in pigs, with the former more commonly seen in pre-weaned piglets and the latter more commonly seen in older pigs (Němejc et al 2013; Zhang et al 2013 b ; Yui et al 2014).…”

Cryptosporidiumspecies in Australian wildlife and domestic animals

“…2003; Xiao et al 2006; Zintel et al 2007; Johnson et al 2008; Kvác et al 2009 a ; Jeníková et al . 2010; Jenkins et al 2010; Sevá Ada et al 2010; Xiao, 2010; Wang et al 2010 a ; Budu-Amoako et al 2012; Chen et al 2011; Farzan et al 2011; Fiuza et al 2011 a ; Yin et al 2011). Cryptosporidium suis has been reported in humans (Xiao et al 2002 a ; Xiao, 2010) and has frequently been recovered from water samples (Feng et al 2011 a ).…”

“…Studies in Australia on domestic pigs have identified prevalence rates of 6-22•1% (Ryan et al 2003(Ryan et al , 2004Johnson et al 2008). The main Cryptosporidium species identified in pigs in Australia and worldwide are C. suis and pig genotype II, although C. muris, C. tyzzeri and C. parvum have also been reported (Ryan et al 2003;Zintel et al 2007;Johnson et al 2008;Kvác et al 2009a;Jeníková et al 2010;Jenkins et al 2010;Sevá Ada et al 2010;Xiao, 2010;Wang et al 2010a;Budu-Amoako et al 2012;Chen et al 2011;Farzan et al 2011;Fiuza et al 2011a;Yin et al 2011). Cryptosporidium suis has been reported in humans (Xiao et al 2002a;Xiao, 2010) and has frequently been recovered from water samples (Feng et al 2011a).…”