Cryptanalysis of a Pixel Permutation Based Image Encryption Technique Using Chaotic Map

Abstract

Recently, a new image encryption algorithm was proposed by Anwar and Meghana. This encryption scheme uses the Arnold's chaotic cat map to permute the image pixels. The resulting image is then confused with both a secret image provided as part of the secret key and a secret value selected randomly from the permuted image. Using a random image as part of the secret key, gives this algorithm an infinite key space which increases its efficiency against brute-force attacks. In order to help improving the security of modern image encryption schemes, this paper presents a cryptanalysis of the proposed algorithm using a combination of chosen-plaintext and brute-force attacks. First, the infinite key space that the secret image offers is broken using a chosen-plaintext attack. Then, the permutation phase is reversed through a series of chosen-plaintext attacks too. Finally, the secret value chosen randomly from the permuted image is easily brute-forced due to its reduced number of possible values. By applying the above method, it is possible to restore the plain version of any image that was encrypted using the former encryption algorithm. Thus, relying on this algorithm to encrypt real sensitive data is not secure.

Chaos Based Pseudo Random Bit Generator Design and Its Application in Secure Image Encryption

“…The conversion of mathematical models of chaotic maps to electronic circuits regarding basic circuit rules and by using Eq. ( 1), ( 2) and (3), Figure 2 ), 𝑋 𝑛 ≥ 𝑅 4 2𝑅 3 (19) where, Xn1 stands for next iterative value of Tent map while Xn is actual. As the all resistor values are taken into account in Eq.…”

“…Chaotic time-series obtained from a non-equilibrium system are used to construct S-boxes and develop an image encryption application by Wang et al [12] in 2019. Furthermore, researchers proposed to use different chaotic dynamical systems as entropy source; circuit realization, control design and image encryption application of their proposed system such as extended Lü system [13], autonomous RLCC-Diodes-Opamp chaotic oscillator [14,15], modified Chua's circuit [16], a new chaotic jerk system [17] and chaotic one dimensional maps [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Image Encryption Based on Hopfield Neural Network and Bidirectional Flipping

“…As a result, the chaotic system is being integrated to more and more encryption algorithms. In the past two decades, researchers have proposed various encryption methods and applied them to image encryption, drawing on the unique properties of the chaotic system (e.g., sensitivity to initial values, unpredictability, and pseudorandomness) and the natural bound between the system and cryptology [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Some scholars put forward several new chaotic systems and designed the corresponding encryption strategies [4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…In the past two decades, researchers have proposed various encryption methods and applied them to image encryption, drawing on the unique properties of the chaotic system (e.g., sensitivity to initial values, unpredictability, and pseudorandomness) and the natural bound between the system and cryptology [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Some scholars put forward several new chaotic systems and designed the corresponding encryption strategies [4][5][6][7][8]. Some scholars presented encryption algorithms based on existing chaotic systems, focusing on the design of encryption strategies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Novel Dominant Color Subband Image Encryption in Visual Sensor Network for Smart Military Surveillance System

“…Several Chaotic schemes were efficient in showing higher resistance to differential attacks and having higher entropy values [6]. But it takes more time to complete the encryption process.…”