Cryotherapy Reduces Inflammatory Response Without Altering Muscle Regeneration Process and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Rat Muscle

Abstract

The application of cryotherapy is widely used in sports medicine today. Cooling could minimize secondary hypoxic injury through the reduction of cellular metabolism and injury area. Conflicting results have also suggested cryotherapy could delay and impair the regeneration process. There are no definitive findings about the effects of cryotherapy on the process of muscle regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a clinical-like cryotherapy on inflammation, regeneration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling on the Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of rats 3, 7 and 14 days post-injury. It was observed that the intermittent application of cryotherapy (three 30-minute sessions, every 2 h) in the first 48 h post-injury decreased inflammatory processes (mRNA levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, TGF-β and MMP-9 and macrophage percentage). Cryotherapy did not alter regeneration markers such as injury area, desmin and Myod expression. Despite regulating Collagen I and III and their growth factors, cryotherapy did not alter collagen deposition. In summary, clinical-like cryotherapy reduces the inflammatory process through the decrease of macrophage infiltration and the accumulation of the inflammatory key markers without influencing muscle injury area and ECM remodeling.

The effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on inflammation and cell stress responses in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise

“…; Vieira Ramos et al . ). In the present study, there were no significant differences in the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages, or mRNA expression of the cell surface receptors MAC1 and CD163 between cold water immersion and active recovery (Fig.…”

“…; Vieira Ramos et al . ). In the present study, IL1β , IL6 , TNF , CCL2 , CXCL2 , IL8 and LIF mRNA increased in skeletal muscle after both cold water immersion and active recovery (Figs and ).…”

“…; Vieira Ramos et al . ) is more effective than cold water immersion (Camargo et al . ) for reducing inflammation in muscle.…”

Termoterapia Em Cães

“…Sendo assim, todas as técnicas que utilizam o frio como massagem com gelo, criocirurgia, crioalongamento, submissão de uma queimadura à agua fria são consideradas crioterapia (CORTI, 2014;KIEVES et al, 2016;RAMOS et al, 2016). Segundo Dragone et al (2014), a aplicação de frio pode ser realizada de diversas maneiras: cobertores de água fria circulante, bolsas de gelo reutilizáveis, cubos de gelo enrolados em toalha, copos de gelo, imersão fria, compressas frias, sprays de vapor frio ou banhos de contraste.…”

Cold water immersion mechanisms for recovery following exercise: cellular stress and inflammation require closer examination

“…; Vieira Ramo et al . ), the majority of human studies focus on performance outcomes, typically muscle function and/or soreness outcomes of CWI and a large degree of variability exists. In this issue of The Journal of Physiology , Peake et al .…”