CRP levels are elevated in smokers but unrelated to the number of cigarettes and are decreased by long-term smoking cessation in male smokers

Ohsawa, Masaki; Okayama, Akira; Nakamura, Motoyuki; Onoda, Toshiyuki; Kato, Karen; Itai, Kazuyoshi; Yoshida, Yuki; Ogawa, Akira; Kawamura, Kazuko; Hiramori, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.02.002

Cited by 105 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition, hsCRP is associated with atherosclerotic processes40 and thus may also be directly involved in cardiovascular injury. The high sensitivity of this test, as indicated by significant differences via secondhand smoking exposure and consistent results for different indices of tobacco exposure in ELSA‐Brasil and across other studies,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 41 highlights hsCRP as a favorable marker for monitoring hazardous health effects of tobacco exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…These studies have generally shown higher levels of hsCRP among current and former smokers compared with nonsmokers5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and decreased levels after smoking cessation, albeit slower than systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol and LDL‐C 8, 11, 12. Calculating the probability of CAC onset following smoking exposure in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study also demonstrated that onset of CAC was expedited by 10 years among current smokers and 5 years among former smokers compared with never smokers 16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: ELSA‐Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health)

Kianoush¹,

Yakoob²,

Al‐Rifai

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundThere is a need to identify sensitive biomarkers of early tobacco‐related cardiovascular disease. We examined the association of smoking status, burden, time since quitting, and intensity, with markers of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods and ResultsWe studied 14 103 participants without clinical cardiovascular disease in ELSA‐Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). We evaluated baseline cross‐sectional associations between smoking parameters and inflammation (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein [hsCRP]) and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima–media thickness, ankle‐brachial index, and coronary artery calcium [CAC]). The cohort included 1844 current smokers, 4121 former smokers, and 8138 never smokers. Mean age was 51.7±8.9 years; 44.8% were male. After multivariable adjustment, compared with never smokers, current smokers had significantly higher levels of hsCRP (β=0.24, 0.19–0.29 mg/L; P<0.001) and carotid intima–media thickness (β=0.03, 0.02–0.04 mm; P<0.001) and odds of ankle‐brachial index ≤1.0 (odds ratio: 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 2.06–3.08; P<0.001) and CAC >0 (odds ratio: 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–2.30; P<0.001). Among former and current smokers, pack‐years of smoking (burden) were significantly associated with hsCRP (P<0.001 and P=0.006, respectively) and CAC (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). Among former smokers, hsCRP and carotid intima–media thickness levels and odds of ankle‐brachial index ≤1.0 and CAC >0 were lower with increasing time since quitting (P<0.01). Among current smokers, number of cigarettes per day (intensity) was positively associated with hsCRP (P<0.001) and CAC >0 (P=0.03) after adjusting for duration of smoking.ConclusionsStrong associations were observed between smoking status, burden, and intensity with inflammation (hsCRP) and subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima–media thickness, ankle‐brachial index, CAC). These markers of early cardiovascular disease injury may be used for the further study and regulation of traditional and novel tobacco products.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: ELSA‐Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health)

Kianoush¹,

Yakoob²,

Al‐Rifai

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…Participants who performed physical exercise at least 5 times a week for a minimum of 30 minutes were considered physically active. The design of the smoking ques tionnaire was based on data obtained from the research of Ohsawa et al [11]. Those who smoked daily or had stopped smoking for < 5 years were classed as smokers; nonsmokers included those who had never smoked and those who had not smoked for ≥ 5 years.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

735 Association between modifiable lifestyle factors and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome

Golzarand¹,

Toolabi²,

Ebrahimi-Mameghani³

et al. 2012

East Mediterr Health J

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There is accumulating evidence suggesting that inflammation is the bridging link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have shown a relationship between inflammatory markers and modifiable lifestyle factors including fitness, diet, exercise and smoking. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 195 patients with metabolic syndrome. Data on nutritional intake, physical activity level and smoking habits were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and body composition were determined and C-reactive protein and interluekin-6 concentrations were measured. C-reactive protein level had a significant association with body mass index (r = 0.18), adiposity (r = 0.23), smoking (r = 0.20), carbohydrate intake (r = 0.19) and saturated fatty acid (r = 0.20). Interluekin-6 concentration was significantly correlated with dietary carbohydrate (r = 0.15), saturated fatty acid (r = 0.15) and glycaemic load (r = 0.15). No association was observed between physical activity level and inflammatory markers.

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“…A dose dependent correlation between CRP and smoking habits was demonstrated in the 'Speedwell' survey of British men with respect to CRP levels which increased proportionately with the increase in number of cigarettes smoked 30 . However, another study conducted in people of Japanese ethnicity (the Iwate Kenpoku Cohort study) failed to identify any significant relationship between serum CRP concentration and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (31) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Leukocyte myeloperoxidase activity and serum CRP levels as predictive markers of inflammatory disorders amongst Passive smokers

Kumarchandra

Bhandari

Prassanna

et al. 2013

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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Aims and objectives: To analyse the leukocyte myeloperoxidase activity and serum C-reactive protein levels in smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers and to evaluate the risk of developing inflammation that may lead to lung cancer in smokers in general and passive smokers in particular, by comparing the levels with nonsmokers

Methodology:.Study design comprised of three groups;active smokers(Smokers who have smoked more than 5 cigarettes/ day for a minimum period of 2 years.) passive smokers(Smokers exposed to smoke for a duration of >30 minutes/day, ≥5 days a week for one year or more (waiters in a pub/restaurant) and controls (non smokers). All patients with puemococcal infections were eliminated from the study .Leukocyte MPO & serum CRP (semiquantitative assay) were performed with patient s samples. Data was analysed by ANOVA followed by post hoc tests. Odds ratio was also calculated for the study groups.

Results: There was no significance in the study groups with respect to both MPO as well as CRP.

Conclusion : CRP or MPO may not be the ideal markers to predict the probability of developing an inflammatory disorder in persons exposed to passive smoke.

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CRP levels are elevated in smokers but unrelated to the number of cigarettes and are decreased by long-term smoking cessation in male smokers

Cited by 105 publications

References 23 publications

Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: ELSA‐Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health)

Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: ELSA‐Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health)

735 Association between modifiable lifestyle factors and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome

Leukocyte myeloperoxidase activity and serum CRP levels as predictive markers of inflammatory disorders amongst Passive smokers

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