Crosslinked chitosan microspheres for encapsulation of diclofenac sodium: effect of crosslinking agent

Abstract

For many decades treatment of an acute disease or a chronic illness has been mostly accomplished by delivery of drugs to patients using various pharmaceutical dosage forms including tablets, capsules, pills, suppositories, creams, ointment, liquids, aerosols and injectables as drug delivery systems are the primary pharmaceutical products commonly seen in the market. In the past two and a half decades several advancements has been made in the pharmaceutical products. They have resulted in the development of new techniques for drug delivery 1. These techniques are capable of controlling the rate of drug delivery, sustaining the duration of therapeutic activity and targeting the delivery of drug. A series of three different trial formulation of Rabeprazole Sodium, Microsphere using Chitosan an aminopolysaccharide, so as to optimize the sustained conditions. In the case of microsphere, the initial formulation was done with 0.5% Chitosan solution and drug. Then the concentration of chitosan had been increased to 1.5%. It showed that the percentage release was maximum 65.2% for the chitosan microsphere in the formulation F3, when compared with other formulation of microsphere containing Rabeprazole sodium, the 1.5% of chitosan showed better release than the other formulations.

Effect of crosslinking agents on chitosan microspheres in controlled release of diclofenac sodium

“…The release of the active agent from the matrix involves initial swelling followed by diffusion of the drug. In all the methods of crosslinking the drug release decreases with increased crosslinking [16] .…”

“…glutaraldehyde, sulfuric acid and heat treatment [16] . Shu and Zhu [21] , Açikgöz et al [22] and Ko et al [23] reported the use of complexation between polyanion tripolyphosphate and cationic chitosan by electrostatic forces resulting in a more homogeneous structure due to the more homogeneous crosslinking process.…”

“…For this purpose, a large number of studies on crosslinking with agents involving bonds with chitosan amine groups [16][17][18] has been carried out. However, none study on hydroxyl group bonds has been reported.…”

Characterization of Electrospinning Parameters of Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers to Remove Phenol via Response Surface Methodology

“…Figure 4 Broad bands at 3340-3400 cm -1 was assigned to O-H stretching vibration. Characteristic absorbance bands at ~940 and ~1116 cm -1 are associated with saccharine while strong bands at ~1737 and 1651 cm -1 are associated with amide and amine functionalities respectively for pure chitosan [22,23]. found, a broad absorption band of -OH in the range of 3421-3443 cm -1 appeared in the spectrum of crosslinked Chitosan/PVA by Glutaraldehyde.…”

Quitosana: biopolímero funcional com potencial industrial biomédico

“…Agentes reticulantes, tais como glutaraldeído, etilenoglicol diglicidil éter, tripolifosfato, ácido sulfúrico e epicloridrina, são usados para aumentar a sua estabilidade química e a resistência mecânica. [9][10][11][12][13][14] A alta hidrofilicidade da quitosana, devida ao grande número de grupos hidroxila e grupos amino presentes na cadeia polimérica, permite sua utilização como biomaterial na forma de micropartículas, gel e membrana em diversas aplicações, como veículo de liberação de fármacos, bandagens, géis injetáveis, membranas periodontais etc. 15 A presença de uma alta porcentagem de grupos amino reativos distribuídos na matriz polimérica permite inúmeras modificações químicas, tais como imobilização de agentes quelantes, quaternização, carboxilação, acilação, sulfonação, amidação, formação de complexo polieletrolítico etc.…”