Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

Introduction Rapid urbanization and industrialization drives the rising burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) worldwide that are characterized by uptake of unhealthy lifestyle such as tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In India, the prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors shows wide variations across geographic regions necessitating region-specific evidence for population-based prevention and control of NCDs. Objective To estimate the prevalence of behavioral and biological risk factors of NCDs among adult population (18–69 years) in the Puducherry district located in Southern part of India. Methodology We surveyed adults using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed STEPwise approach to NCD surveillance (STEPS) during February 2019 to February 2020. A total of 2560 individuals were selected from urban and rural areas (50 clusters in each) through multi-stage cluster random sampling method. STEPS instrument was used to assess behavioral and physical measurements. Fasting blood sample was collected to estimate biochemical risk factors (Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia) of NCDs. Results Among men, alcohol use 40.4% (95% CI: 37.4–43.4) was almost twice higher compared to tobacco use 24.4% (95% CI: 21.7–26.9). Nearly half of the population was physically inactive 45.8% (95% CI: 43.8–47.8) and obese 46.1% (95% CI: 44–48.1). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were present among one-third 33.6% (95% CI: 31.6–35.5) and one-fourth 26.7% (95% CI: 24.1–29.1) of the population which were significantly higher among men (37.1% vs 30.8% and 31.6% vs 23.2% respectively). Physical inactivity and overweight/obesity increased with increasing education levels. Tobacco and alcohol use was more common among men, whereas physical inactivity with obesity and hypercholesterolemia was higher among women. Conclusion We found high prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors among the adult population of Puducherry district.

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Profile of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in a highly urbanized district of India: Findings from Puducherry district-wide STEPS Survey, 2019–20

Sivanantham

Sahoo

Lakshminarayanan

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in young adult populations of Shuklagandaki Municipality, Tanahun District, Nepal

Bhandari¹,

Dhakal²,

Paudel³

et al. 2022

JCHM

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are known as chronic diseases which do not transmit from person to person. NCDs have a long duration and slow progression. Chronic non-communicable diseases constitute the major burdens of illness and disability in almost all countries of the world. The study assessed the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among young adults in the Shuklagandaki Municipality of Tanahun district.A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from June to October 2018 among young adults (20-40 years) in the Shuklagandaki Municipality of Tanahun district. The required study sample size was 336. Multistage probability sampling was applied to study sites and respondents and used World Health Organization’s (WHO) STEPWISE SURVEY 1 and 2 to collect data. For this, we adopted WHO’s STEPS tool edition 2.2, Nepalese translated by NHRC during the stepwise survey in 2013. The proportion of smoking was 14% which was higher in males (30%) than in females (6.2%). Alcohol consumption among young adults was 23.5%. Physical inactivity was seen among 38.4% of respondents. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and CVDs were 5.7%, 6% and 7% respectively. Sex and marital status were found to be significantly associated (p-value<0.005) with smoking. Likewise, sex and monthly income were associated (P-value<0.005) with alcohol consumption. Sex, marital status and education were associated (P-value<0.005) with physical inactivity. Smoking and sitting time were associated (P-value<0.005) with hypertension. The study showed a high prevalence of smoking and alcoholism amongst the young adult population. Awareness programs on prevalent risk factors have to be conducted for preventing exposure to risk factors.

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Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural population of Puducherry

Malathy,

Gomathy

2024

SAJHS

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Objectives Rapid changes in India’s population and epidemiology are being brought about by Noncommunicable diseases, which significantly increase morbidity, mortality, and disability in both urban and rural populations, as well as in all socioeconomic groups. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors (CVRF) in the rural population of Puducherry. Material and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Puducherry’s rural field practice area, which is connected to Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital (AVMC&H). A total of one thousand rural residents, ages 40 to 75, comprised the samples. With the aid of a modified WHO steps approach, a structured questionnaire containing physical measurements, CVRF information, and sociodemographic details was used to collect the data. SPSS version 28.0 was used to analyse the data. The prevalence of CVRF was determined using percentages, and the degree of correlation between the rural population’s CVRF and their demographic characteristics were examined. Results The following behaviours have the highest prevalence of CVRF: smoking (28.3%), drinking alcohol (13.8%), not exercising (48%), consuming coffee (60.2%), tea (61.4%), artificial beverages (42.6%), nonvegetarian (98.1%), consuming insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables (32%), insomnia (59.4%), being overweight (18.5%), class I obesity (6.4%), hypertension (25%) and diabetes mellitus (25.1%). The cardiovascular risk factors of the rural population, such as the use of tobacco products (p < 0.001), the consumption of coffee, tea, and artificial beverages (p < 0.001), the use of alcohol (p < 0.001), the non-vegetarian diet (p < 0.001), the insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (p < 0.001), obesity (p = 0.001), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) at risk (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), and diabetes (p < 0.001), were strongly statistically significantly associated with demographic variables. Conclusion A significant proportion of Puducherry’s rural population has cardiovascular risk factors. It is imperative to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the community by implementing lifestyle modifications that suppress risky behaviours at an early age.

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Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Profile of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in a highly urbanized district of India: Findings from Puducherry district-wide STEPS Survey, 2019–20

Profile of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in a highly urbanized district of India: Findings from Puducherry district-wide STEPS Survey, 2019–20

Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in young adult populations of Shuklagandaki Municipality, Tanahun District, Nepal

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural population of Puducherry

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