Cross‐resistance of chrysanthemum to western flower thrips, celery leafminer, and two‐spotted spider mite

Abstract

Chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum 9 morifolium Ramat. (Asteraceae)] is one of the economically most important greenhouse ornamentals worldwide. A major constraint in chrysanthemum production is adequate pest management, requiring the use of different tactics, such as improving host plant resistance, in the framework of an integrated pest management (IPM) approach. In this study, we investigated cross-resistance of chrysanthemum to its three major pests: western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)], celery leafminer [Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)], and two-spotted spider mite [Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)]. We quantified resistance to each pest by performing greenhouse bioassays with a broad range of chrysanthemum types from commercial germplasm provided by Dutch breeding companies. Considerable variation was detected among the chrysanthemum cultivars in thrips silver damage and growth damage, leafminer damage, measured as number of mines and pupae, and spider mite numbers and damage. We observed significant positive correlations between thrips damage (both silver and growth damage) vs. leafminer numbers (both mines and pupae), and between leafminer numbers (both mines and pupae) vs. spider mite numbers. Our results indicate an overlap in resistance to all three herbivores. The important implications of this result for chrysanthemum breeding are discussed.

Integrated pest management in western flower thrips: past, present and future

“…Wild ancestors therefore provide a promising source for breeding of WFT resistance traits . Moreover, the presence of considerable variation in resistance to WFT between accessions, as observed in various vegetables and ornamentals, can be exploited as well . Identifying sets of genes or metabolites as biomarkers enables the introduction of novel insect resistance traits into breeding lines.…”

“…cross‐resistance, could form a basis for a multiresistance breeding programme. An overlap of resistance to WFT and celery leafminer ( Liriomyza trifolii ) has been described in chrysanthemum . Manipulation of environmental factors may increase concentrations of resistance‐related metabolites within plants, thereby enhancing WFT control.…”

“…32,35 Moreover, the presence of considerable variation in resistance to WFT between accessions, as observed in various vegetables and ornamentals, can be exploited as well. 32,35,36,106 Identifying sets of genes or metabolites as biomarkers enables the introduction of novel insect resistance traits into breeding lines. In a highly resistant pepper accession, a quantitative trait locus (QTL), mapped to chromosome 6, confers resistance to WFT by affecting the larval development of thrips.…”

“…An overlap of resistance to WFT and celery leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii) has been described in chrysanthemum. 106 Manipulation of environmental factors may increase concentrations of resistance-related metabolites within plants, thereby enhancing WFT control. Rutin and chlorogenic acid, two phenolic compounds involved in thrips resistance, are enhanced upon UV-B exposure.…”

Application of eco-metabolomics in biological science

“…Indeed, we were able to show that thrips resistance in chrysanthemum was correlated with resistance to leafminer (Lyriomiza trifolii) [8] and that this cross-resistance was based on the same phenylpropanoid compound.…”