Cross-link profile of bone collagen correlates with structural organization of trabeculae

Banse, Xavier; Devogelaer, Jean‐Pierre; Lafosse, Aurore; Sims, TJ; Grynpas, Marc D.; Bailey, Allen J.

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00800-1

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…17 However, we did not determine other cross-links in connective tissues, such as pyrrolic crosslinks, MODIC, GODIC, DOGDIC, or glucosepane. 11,35,36 A limitation of our study is that due to the highly varying size of the specimens, all variables could not be kept constant between age groups during mechanical testing (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In addition, changes also occur in the amounts of intraand interfibrillar enzymatic (hydroxylysylpyridinoline, HP; lysylpyridinoline, LP) and non-enzymatic (pentosidine, PEN) cross-links. [11][12][13][14] In experimental studies, the collagen framework in long bones of mice and rats undergoes significant structural modifications during growth and maturation. 6,15,16 A previous study in mice found that the content and mechanical strength of the collagen matrix increased during early maturation, 6 whereas during adult age, the collagen composition remained stable despite decreased stiffness of the collagen matrix.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Collagen and mineral deposition in rabbit cortical bone during maturation and growth: Effects on tissue properties

Isaksson

Harjula

Koistinen

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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ABSTRACT:We characterized the composition and mechanical properties of cortical bone during maturation and growth and in adult life in the rabbit. We hypothesized that the collagen network develops earlier than the mineralized matrix. Growth was monitored, and the rabbits were euthanized at birth (newborn), and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 18 months of age. The collagen network was assessed biochemically (collagen content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic cross-links) in specimens from the mid-diaphysis of the tibia and femur and biomechanically (tensile testing) from decalcified whole tibia specimens. The mineralized matrix was analyzed using pQCT and 3-point bend tests from intact femur specimens. The collagen content and the Young's modulus of the collagen matrix increased significantly until the rabbits were 3 months old, and thereafter remained stable. The amount of HP and LP collagen cross-links increased continuously from newborn to 18 months of age, whereas PEN cross-links increased after 6 months of age. Bone mineral density and the Young's modulus of the mineralized bone increased until the rabbits were at least 6 months old. We concluded that substantial changes take place during the normal process of development in both the biochemical and biomechanical properties of rabbit cortical bone. In cortical bone, the collagen network reaches its mature composition and mechanical strength prior to the mineralized matrix. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Orthop. Res. 28: 1626Res. 28: -1633Res. 28: , 2010 Keywords: maturation; growth; aging; rabbit; bone; mechanical properties; composition Collagen is the principal structural component of bone matrix, accounting for about 1/3 of mineralized bone tissues. 1 During development, bone formation and growth rates are regulated by genetic and hormonal factors, and by external factors such as mechanical loading that interact to determine the final anatomy and strength of the skeleton. 1-3 During this period, bone also changes in its composition, structure, and function. The organic matrix changes its composition and structural organization, and mechanical stiffness increases with increased bone mineral density (BMD). 3,4 The majority (>80%) of the mineral can be found within the collagen fibril network, 5 but limited information is available about the factors that determine the normal deposition of mineral, for example, the timing and how this can determine the properties of the adult tissue.The structure and function of maturing and growing bone were studied in several animal models. 4,6,7 Most studies focused on bone development and growth in rabbits, investigating the development of the primary and secondary ossification centers or evaluating bone growth at the growth plate. [8][9][10] Other studies showed that BMD increases and biomechanical properties change concurrently during maturation and growth. 4,6 However, the development of the collagen framework has been less extensively studied. During development, at least in the equine, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Collagen and mineral deposition in rabbit cortical bone during maturation and growth: Effects on tissue properties

Isaksson

Harjula

Koistinen

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…In trabecular bone from vertebral bodies, Banse et al 26 reported that biopsies with high pyrolle and low PYD content had thicker, but more disconnected two-dimensional trabecular architecture. Conversely, those with low pyrolle and high Collagen and bone strength P Garnero PYD had thinner trabeculae but numerous and a more complex network.…”

Section: Collagen Post-translational Modifications: Relationship Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of collagen crosslinks to bone strength

Garnero¹

2012

BoneKEy Reports

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Collagen crosslinking is a major post-translational modification of collagen which has important roles in determining the biomechanical competence of bone. Crosslinks can be divided into enzymatic lysil oxidase-mediated and nonenzymatic glycation-induced (advanced glycation end products, AGE) molecules. In addition, collagen in bone can also undergo spontaneous isomerization and racemization of the aspartic acid residues with the C-telopeptide (CTX), leading to the formation of two isomers namely ␣ (newly formed collagen) and ␤ (matured isomerized collagen) CTX. Several in vitro and ex vivo studies, relating the bone content of these crosslinks with bone strength, have shown that they contributed to the mechanical competence of trabecular and cortical bone -mainly on the post-yield properties -in part independent of the bone mineral content. In addition, AGEs such as pentosidine have been reported to alter the formation and propagation of microdamage by making the bone more brittle. The bone content of AGEs and isomerization can also be modified by antiresorptive and anabolic therapies. They may thus explain part of the antifracture efficacy of these treatments. The main challenge consists in the transposition of these in vitro / ex vivo studies to clinical applications for the development of a non-invasive biomarker, as none of currently identified collagen crosslinks (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) is bone specific. Nevertheless, serum or urine levels of pentosidine and the ratio of ␣ / ␤ CTX have been reported to predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women, in men and in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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“…A 35% decrease in the strength of the collagen network and 50% decrease in its toughness are associated with an age-related decline in bone strength (Burr, 2002). A decrease in overall collagen content is reported in osteoporotic bones, as is an abnormal value for reducible collagen cross-links : non-reducible collagen cross-links in bones of subjects prone to fractures (even in some subjects with normal BMD), suggesting that an abnormal bone collagen quality contributes to bone fragility (Banse et al 2002;Paschalis et al 2004). Thus, bone markers, particularly the resorption marker CTx, but also osteocalcin, which up to now have been used to monitor bone turnover or bone cell activity during therapy, have also been found to be useful in predicting fracture risk (Eastell et al 2003;Khosla, 2003;P Delmas, unpublished results).…”

Section: Bone Resorption Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate alcohol consumption and increased bone mineral density: potential ethanol and non-ethanol mechanisms

et al. 2006

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Mounting epidemiological evidence indicates an association between the moderate ingestion of alcoholic beverages and higher bone mineral density (v. abstainers). More limited findings provide some evidence for translation of this association into reduced fracture risk, but further studies are required. Here, these data are reviewed and caveats in their assimilation, comparison and interpretation as well as in the use and application of bone health indices are discussed. Whilst it is concluded that evidence is now strong for the moderate alcohol-bone health association, at least in relation to bone mineral density, mechanisms are less clear. Both ethanol and non-ethanol components have been implicated as factors that positively affect bone health in the light of moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and four particular areas are discussed. First, recent findings suggest that moderate ethanol consumption acutely inhibits bone resorption, in a non-parathyroid hormone-and non-calcitonin-dependent fashion, which can only partly be attributed to an energy effect. Second, critical review of the literature does not support a role for moderate ethanol consumption affecting oestrogen status and leading to a knock-on effect on bone. Third, Si is present at high levels in certain alcoholic beverages, especially beer, and may have a measurable role in promoting bone formation. Fourth, a large body of work indicates that phytochemicals (e.g. polyphenols) from alcoholic beverages could influence bone health, but human data are lacking. With further work it is hoped to be able to model epidemiological observations and provide a clear pathway between the magnitude of association and the relative contribution of these mechanisms for the major classes of alcoholic beverage.

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Cross-link profile of bone collagen correlates with structural organization of trabeculae

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

Collagen and mineral deposition in rabbit cortical bone during maturation and growth: Effects on tissue properties

Collagen and mineral deposition in rabbit cortical bone during maturation and growth: Effects on tissue properties

The contribution of collagen crosslinks to bone strength

Moderate alcohol consumption and increased bone mineral density: potential ethanol and non-ethanol mechanisms

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