Cross-Calibration of HJ-1/CCD Over a Desert Site Using Landsat ETM <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$+$</tex-math></inline-formula> Imagery and ASTER GDEM Product

Abstract

The charge-coupled device (CCD) is visible to nearinfrared imaging sensors onboard the Chinese Huan Jing 1 satellites. Like many sensors, the CCD lack onboard calibration capabilities, so alternative methods are required, e.g., crosscalibration. The wide field of view of the CCD sensors provides challenges for cross-calibration with narrow field of view sensors. We developed a technique to take advantage of a site with a uniform surface material and a natural topographic variation. Due to the topography, near-nadir Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM) Plus (ETM+) observations actually see the material at a wide range of illumination and viewing angles. These observations and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer global digital elevation model data were used to develop a model of this site's bidirectional reflectance distribution function that covered most of the illumination and view angle range of the CCD data. We validated this model by comparing the simulations to actual ETM+ and TM surface reflectances. The validated model was then used to calibrate the CCD instruments. The results were consistent to within 5% of field intensive vicarious calibration data.Index Terms-Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), cross-calibrate, digital elevation model (DEM), Huan Jing 1 (HJ-1)/charge-coupled device (CCD), top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, vicarious calibration.

Cross-Calibration of GF-1/WFV over a Desert Site Using Landsat-8/OLI Imagery and ZY-3/TLC Data

“…In the approach developed by Zhong et al [1], a calibration site approximately of 30 × 30 km located within the Badain Jaran Desert is chosen. It is located in central Inner Mongolia of Northern China (Figure 1).…”

“…It is located in central Inner Mongolia of Northern China (Figure 1). The calibration site is selected for the following three reasons [4,5]: First, the area is temporally, spatially and radiationally stable in brightness, spatial homogeneity, altimetric and bidirectional effects, seasonal variation, and long-term stability [1]. Second, many clean lakes are located in the calibration site, which can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth (AOD) accurately using the dark object (DO) method [6].…”

“…Since the launch of Landsat 1 in 1972, the imagery from the Landsat series of satellites has become the longest continuous dataset of reasonable high spatial-resolution imagery for Earth observing, which is widely used for many types of remote sensing applications, such as land surface parameter retrieval, land use and land cover change [1,7], and cross-calibration for other sensors [8][9][10]. The Landsat-8 was launched to continue Landsat's mission of monitoring Earth systems and capturing changes at a relatively high spatial resolution [11,12].…”

“…These observations and DEM data can be used to develop a model of calibration site's BRDF that covered most of the illumination and view angle range of the sensor data with wide field of view. Zhong et al [1] developed a cross-calibration technique for HJ-1/CCDs with wide swath coverage and large angle observation. In this method, the Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery and the ASTER GDEM product are used to retrieve a desert site's BRDF characteristics.…”

“…A higher radiometric resolution indicates that more detailed information could be obtained from the GF-1/WFV imagery. In the approach developed by Zhong et al [1], the radiometric resolution of reference imagery, Landsat-7/ETM+, is also 8 bit, as HJ-1/CCD is. If the cross-calibration of the GF-1/WFV still uses Landsat TM/ETM+, some information may be lost.…”